U1: 4- Mutations

Question 1

What name is given to an individual affected by a mutation?

Answer 1

Mutant

Question 2

Name some mutagenic agents.

Answer 2

• x-rays
• gamma rays
• mustard gas
• UV light

Question 3

Name three point mutations which are single gene mutations.

Answer 3

• Substitution
• Insertion
• Deletion

Question 4

Name two point mutations that cause the frameshift effect.

Answer 4

Insertion and deletion

Question 5

Substitution usually results in only one amino acid being changed. It has a mild effect on the individual. When could substitution cause a major effect on the individual?

Answer 5

When the substitution causes a codon to become a stop codon. Translation is stopped prematurely and the protein produced is missing many amino acids as a result.

Question 6

What name is given to proteins that still function but have had only slight changes made to their structure? They still make sense but not the original sense.

Answer 6

Missense

Question 7

What name is given to proteins that do not make any sense at all and are unable to function?

Answer 7

Nonsense

Question 8

What name is given to a mutation where introns are retained in error during splicing?

Answer 8

Splice-site mutations

Question 9

Name 4 examples of chromosome mutations.

Answer 9

• Deletion
• Duplication
• Inversion
• Translocation

Question 10

What name is given to the mutation where some genes are deleted from the chromosome?

Answer 10

Deletion

Question 11

What name is given to the mutation where some genes are repeated?

Answer 11

Duplication

Question 12

What name is given to the mutation where some of the genes from one chromosome break off and join with the genes on a completely different chromosome?

Answer 12

Translocation

Question 13

What name is given to a mutation when some of the genes rotate 180° on a chromosome?

Answer 13

Inversion