U3: 21- Non-Specific Body Defences

Question 1

What name is given to a microorganism that is harmful to the body/can cause disease?

Answer 1

Pathogen

Question 2

Name three things that could be classed as pathogens.

Answer 2

Bacteria, virus, fungus

Question 3

How many lines of defence are employed by the body to protect itself from pathogens?

Answer 3

3

Question 4

Which lines of defence in the body are non-specific?

Answer 4

The 1st and 2nd lines of defence

Question 5

Which line of defence in the body is specific?

Answer 5

The 3rd line of defence

Question 6

Name the physical barrier we all have to try and keep pathogens from entering the body.

Answer 6

Skin (epithelial cells in the skin)

Question 7

Name the substance produced by the stomach to kill pathogens.

Answer 7

Hydrochloric acid

Question 8

Name the substance produced by the epithelial cells in the lining of the trachea that traps microbes.

Answer 8

Mucus

Question 9

Name the hairs in the trachea that move mucus up to the top of the mouth for swallowing or spitting out.

Answer 9

Cilia

Question 10

What is the name of the enzyme found in tears and saliva that digests bacterial cell walls?

Answer 10

Lysozyme

Question 11

How do sweat glands in the skin kill microbes?

Answer 11

The sweat glands keep the skin at too low a pH for microbes to thrive

Question 12

What line of defence is the inflammatory response?

Answer 12

2nd

Question 13

When is the inflammatory response used by the body?

Answer 13

When it suffers a physical injury such as a cut or invasion by microorganisms

Question 14

What cells are activated in the connective tissue when the body suffers an injury?

Answer 14

Mast cells

Question 15

What do mast cells release?

Answer 15

Histamine

Question 16

What does histamine do to blood vessels?

Answer 16

Causes them to dilate and become more permeable

Question 17

What name is given to the dilation of the blood vessels during the inflammatory response following the release of histamine?

Answer 17

Vasodilation

Question 18

Which type of white blood cell is released during the inflammatory response?

Answer 18

Phagocytes

Question 19

Name the cell-signalling molecule released by the phagocytes that attract more phagocytes to the site of the injury.

Answer 19

Cytokines

Question 20

During the inflammatory response as well as phagocytes gathering at the site of infection or injury what else is released to clot the blood and prevent further blood loss?

Answer 20

Blood clotting chemicals

Question 21

Name the process that the phagocytes carry out during the inflammatory response.

Answer 21

Phagocytosis

Question 22

During phagocytosis what does the phagocyte move towards?

Answer 22

The pathogen that needs to be destroyed

Question 23

What does the cell membrane infolding round a bacterium form during phagocytosis?

Answer 23

A vacuole

Question 24

Name the tiny vesicles present in a phagocyte that are full of digestive bacteria.

Answer 24

Lysosomes

Question 25

What is left when the digestive enzyme digests bacteria trapped in the vacuole during phagocytosis?

Answer 25

Pus