U1 day 1

Question 1

endocrine system

Answer 1

Hormone system that communicates between cells in body

Question 2

Hormone

Answer 2

chemical secreted in trace amounts by one or more cells

Question 3

Tropic hormone

Answer 3

hormone that targets another endocrine tissue

Question 4

endocrine

Answer 4

through blood

Question 5

exocrine

Answer 5

through duct

Question 6

gland

Answer 6

organ that can secrete chemicals to be used in the body, not all glands secrete hormones

Question 7

Endocrine mode of action

Answer 7

uses circulatory system to transport the ligand to target cells

Question 8

paracrine

Answer 8

ligand acts on nearby cells

Question 9

autocrine

Answer 9

Ligand acts on the secreting cell

Question 10

protein and peptide hormone synthesis

Answer 10

small or large, linear, ring, or dimers. uses transcription and translation, alternative splicing, and post translational gene regulation

Question 11

peptide hormone growth path

Answer 11

preprohormone(ER), prohormone(vesicle), hormone

Question 12

Steroid hormone synthesis

Answer 12

stimulated by tropic peptide hormones, mainly produced in adrenal cortex and gonads, cholesterol is the precursor for all steroid hormones.

Question 13

Glucocorticoids

Answer 13

glucose + cortex + steroid, role in glucose metabolism, regulates immune response, cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone

Question 14

Mineralocorticoids

Answer 14

regulated electrolytes and fluid balance, aldosterone

Question 15

Modified fatty acid hormones

Answer 15

derived from 20 carbons, includes prostaglandins (PG), TX, LT, and LX. Has autocrine and paracrine actions.

Question 16

Fatty acid hormone synthesis

Answer 16

rate limiting step is the release of Arachidonic acid, Cox produces cyclic endoperoxide intermediates, inflammatory steroids inhibit phospholipase A2

Question 17

Humoral hormone release

Answer 17

response to changes in composition of the extracellular fluid (levels of ions or nutrient in the blood)

Question 18

Hormonal hormone relase

Answer 18

stimulated by other hormones (presence or absence)

Question 19

Neural hormone relase

Answer 19

Stimulated by nerves

Question 20

principle of homeostasis

Answer 20

most hormones are secreted or inhibited around the need to stay at homeostasis, they use feedback loops to control this

Question 21

neurotransmitters

Answer 21

Amino acid derivatives, glutamate (+) and GABA (-) are used for fast acting inhibitory transmitters

Question 22

Monoamines (neurotransmitter)

Answer 22

Dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin

Question 23

regulated secretion

Answer 23

hormone is stored after secretion, and used when needed

Question 24

Constitutive secretion

Answer 24

cell doesn’t store hormone, it is released as soon as it is made