U1 day 2 & 3

Question 1

fatty acid derivatives rate limiting step

Answer 1

taking it out of the plasma membrane

Question 1

peptide hormones are stored

Answer 1

in vesicles and can be released later

Question 2

protein based hormonal receptor signaling (and PG)

Answer 2

use cell surface receptors

Question 3

steroid based hormonal receptor signaling (and TH)

Answer 3

use intracellular nuclear proteins and receptors

Question 4

receptor domains

Answer 4

extracellular, intermembrane, and intracellular

Question 5

G-protein coupled receptor

Answer 5

7 transmembrane domains, 3 subunits of alpha, beta, and gamma, most common receptor

Question 6

Tyrosine Kinase receptor

Answer 6

span membrane once, dimerize upon binding, phosphorates kinase group to activate and create a cascade, main cytoplasmic signaling, has MAP kinase cascade, protein kinase C path, and STAT/JAK pathway

Question 7

ligand gated ion channels

Answer 7

opens when ion is bound, ions move through. ex: nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

Question 8

general receptor rules

Answer 8

external binding triggers internal cascade of events to send a signal or carry out a task

Question 9

intracellular receptors

Answer 9

found in cytoplasm or nucleus, corepressor may be bonded to suppress transcription, hormone removes repressor then transcription of hormone or signal starts, has DNA binding site.

Question 10

Early hormonal response

Answer 10

early response is inflammatory, includes swelling, fluid retention, and disruption of homeostasis, if left out of control will become septic shock

Question 11

late hormonal response

Answer 11

late response is anti-inflammatory, suppresses early response so body can recover back into homeostasis

Question 12

receptors can be

Answer 12

inhibited or inactivated by antagonist or agonists

Question 13

Cell surface receptors

Answer 13

used by peptide signaling, and PG

Question 14

neuroendocrinology

Answer 14

interactions between nervous system and endocrine system, hypothalamus is the link between them

Question 15

Hypothalamus location

Answer 15

below the thalamus, ends in the pituitary stalk, tubular connection to pituitary gland. proximity to brain ventricles is important for communication

Question 16

Median Eminence

Answer 16

Area with no blood brain barrier, more things can pass into and out of the brain here

Question 17

hormones from Hypothalamus

Answer 17

GHRH somatostatin, Dopamine, CRH, TRH, and GnRH

Question 18

anterior pituitary secretes what hormones

Answer 18

GH(growth), PRL(mammary), ACTH(> glucocorticoids), TSH(> TH), FSH, and LH (>sex hormones)

Question 19

What does the Paraventricular nucleus (PVN) secrete?

Answer 19

tropic hormones: TRH, CRH, oxytocin, and vasopressin

Question 20

inputs into hypothalamus

Answer 20

olfactory, frontal lobe, hippocampus, thalamus, amygdala, locus coeruleus, PNS

Question 21

hypothalamus goes to

Answer 21

spinal sympathetic centers, brainstem autonomic centers, posterior pituitary, thalamus

Question 22

Adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary)

Answer 22

hormonal control, hypothalamic neurons, transports to medial eminence, hormones secreted in Hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system.

Question 23

portal circulation

Answer 23

a capillary that supplies more than one ‘organ’ with oxygen, these are small areas and close together so there is enough oxygen in the blood before going back to the lungs

Question 24

three portal systems in body

Answer 24

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone -> thyroid simulating hormone Corticotropin-releasing hormone -> adrenocorticotropin hormone Growth hormone releasing hormone -> growth hormone

Question 25

Hypothalamic releasing hormones

Answer 25

Thyrotropin releasing hormones (TRH), corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), growth hormone releasing hormones (GHRH), Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), Prolactin, Somatostatin, Dopamine.