u1: enzymes Flashcards
(16 cards)
what do enzymes do the chemical reactions?
- speed up rate of rxn by lowering activation energy
- enzymes can be resused bc. they dont undergo permanent change
how are enzymes specific?
- specific to substrate/reactions
- bc of: complementary shape, hydrophobic/phillic, charge
what r enzymes made of
proteins, made of amino acids
active site
indentation on surface of enzyme with unique shape
substrate
reactant
enzyme-substrate complex
when substrate is joined to enzyme
allosteric sites
- sites with receptors that are further away from the active site
- allosteric activators bind to them, which changes shape of enzyme
- binding site on an enzyme where regulatory molecules bind to stimulate OR inhibit enzyme activity
example of allosteric sites
when oxygen bonds to hemoglobin, all of the other subunits change their active sites to become more available to oxygen
types of inhibitors
- competitive
- non-competitive/allosteric
competitive inhibitors
- bind to the active site of the enzyme
- reversible. to deactivate, increase concentration of substrate
example of competitive inhibitors
- cyanide
non-competitive inhibitors
- bind to allosteric sites
- results in change of enzyme shape and structure
- might be reversible
example of non-competitive inhibitor
- penicillin
- binds to enzyme tht makes cell wall = cell death
allosteric activator
stabilizes enzyme shape so active site has high affinity for substrate
allosteric inhibitor
stabilizes inactive form of enzyme so substrate is released
factors tht impact rate of enzyme activity
- cofactors (metal ions) and coenzymes (specific helper molecules)
- pH
- temperature
- concentration of substrate
- concentration of enzyme
