u1: lipids Flashcards
(19 cards)
1
Q
characteristics of lipids
A
- C, H, and O (like carbs) BUT less O atoms
- hydrophobic/non-polar bc. of C-H bonds
2
Q
functions of lipids
A
- store energy (in C-H bonds, which are high energy nd inaccessible to cells)
- insulation
- protection
- have functions in cell membrane
3
Q
major types of lipids
A
- phospholipids
- triglycerides
- fatty acids
- steroids
4
Q
fatty acids
A
- chain of 4 to 24 carbon atoms
- carboxyl functional group on one end (COOH)
- methyl group on other end (CH3)
5
Q
saturated vs. unsaturated fatty acids
A
- saturated: carbon atoms saturated w/ hydrogen
- unsaturated: carbon atoms have double bonds w/ each other (C=C) and could bond with hydrogen
6
Q
types of fatty acids
A
- saturated
- unsaturated
7
Q
where are phospholipids?
A
cell membrane
8
Q
how does fat protect the body?
A
coats all organs to prevent brusing
9
Q
triglyceride structure
A
one glycerol molecule and three fatty acids
10
Q
what form of matter are triglycerides?
A
- saturated fatty acids: solid at room temp (butter)
- unsaturated fatty acids: liquid at room temp (canola oil)
11
Q
what fat is healthier?
A
- unsaturated fat is healthier
- saturated fats build up in the veins bc they have linear structure
- unsaturated fats are in random structure and don’t stack. they can also break apart bc the H+ will repel
12
Q
why are unsaturated fats the state of matter they are?
A
- they are liquid
- their structure isnt linear
- H+ allows them to break apart and repel
- they cant form tight bonds to be solids
13
Q
triglyceride synthesis
A
- three fatty acids bond to glycerol by dehydration synthesis
- H in COOH of fatty acids binds with hydroxyls on glycerol
- bond is called ester linkage
14
Q
what are triglycerides also called? what does this mean?
A
- neutral fats
- fatty acids bond with triglyceride via their carboxyl ends, nd r no longer acidic
15
Q
what is the structure of phospholipids?
A
- fatty acid tail, glycerol molecule, phosphate functional group, and an R group
- the head (phosphate+R group) is polar
- the tail (fatty acids) is non-polar
- thus, they form a bilayer bc. hydrophobic tails face each other AND hydrophilic heads fac aqueous environment
16
Q
why are lipid bilayers useful?
A
keeps ions and proteins from diffusing out of the cell
17
Q
other types of lipids?
A
- steroids
- waxes
18
Q
steroids
A
- made of 4 carbon rings
- i.e. cholesterol (functions in nervous system as part of cell membrane to derivate estrogen)
19
Q
waxes
A
- made of long carbon chains
- i.e. beeswax, earwax, plant coating
