U1 LAB: LAB SAFETY AND PIPETTING TECHNIQUES

Question 1

Field involved in the examination of the origins of disease at the molecular level, primarily by studying nucleic acids

Answer 1

Diagnostic Molecular Biology

Question 2

Hands on skills

Answer 2

• Accuracy and precision
• Specimen collection, handling, storage and disposal
• Specimen processing

Question 3

Micropipetting is for?

Answer 3

accuracy and precision

Question 4

Specimen processing includes:

Answer 4

nucleic acid, protein extraction and detection

Question 5

Knowledge required on the laboratory

Answer 5

• Laboratory mathematics
• Laboratory safety
• Result analysis and interpretation
• QA and QC
• Social, ethical, legal issues

Question 6

According to WHO, this refers to the containment principles, technologies, practices that are implemented to prevent unintentional exposure to pathogens and toxins, or their accidental release.

Answer 6

Biosafety

Question 7

Agent of biological origin that can cause disease in humans.

Answer 7

Biological Hazard / Biohazard

Question 8

Universal Precautions

Answer 8

applied to blood only

Question 9

Agents are not known to cause a disease

Answer 9

BSL-1 (Yellow)

Question 10

Agents are associated with human disease

Answer 10

BSL-2 (Light orange)

Question 11

Agents are associated with human disease and are potentially transmitted as aerosols.

Answer 11

BSL-3 (Orange)

Question 12

Agents of life threatening nature

Answer 12

BSL-4 (Red)

Question 13

BSL-1 agents

Answer 13

• E.coli JM109, DH5a
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Question 14

BSL-2 agents

Answer 14

• Human blood or body fluids
• E coli. 1057:H7
• Clostridium botulinum
• Retroviral vectors
• Human cells in cell culture

Question 15

BSL-3 agents

Answer 15

• HIV
• H1N1 Flu
• Tuberculosis
• Rabies
• Yersinia pestis
• West Nile Virus
• SARS-Cov2

Question 16

BSL-4 agents

Answer 16

• Ebola
• Small pox

Question 17

2 laboratories in BSL-4

Answer 17

Suit and Cabinet Laboratory

Question 18

PPE in BSL-4

Answer 18

• Positive pressure suits
• Double ended autoclave

Question 19

BSC Class II, type A1

Answer 19

• 70% airflow through HEPA cabinet
• 30% back into the room
• Plenum is under positive pressure

Question 20

BSC Class II, type A2

Answer 20

• Plenum is under negative pressure

Question 21

BSC Class II, type B1

Answer 21

• 30-40% HEPA cabinet
• 60-70% HEPA outside

Question 22

BSC Class II, Type B2

Answer 22

• 100% of air is exhausted outside (No air recirculation)

Question 23

BSC Class II, Type C1

Answer 23

either Type A or Type B

Question 24

This is developed by OSHA for employees who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals in workplace.

Answer 24

Hazard Communication Standard

Question 25

These are substances that affect cellular development of a fetus or embryo.

Answer 25

Teratogens

Question 26

These are cancer causing substances.

Answer 26

Carcinogens

Question 27

These are chemicals with flashpoint below 37.8C

Answer 27

Flammable

Question 28

These are chemicals with flashpoint above 37.8C

Answer 28

Combustible

Question 29

These chemicals are injurious to the skin or eyes by direct contact or to the tissue of the respiratory and GIT if inhaled or ingested.

Answer 29

Corrosive

Question 30

These are substances that spontaneously explode or ignite or that evolve heat or flammable or explosive gases.

Answer 30

Reactive

Question 31

Direct electrical hazard

Answer 31

death, shock, burns

Question 32

Indirect electrical hazard

Answer 32

fire, explosion

Question 33

This refers to destroying all microbial life including spores.

Answer 33

Sterilization

Question 34

This refers to destroying majority of microbial life; but not necessarily spores.

Answer 34

Disinfection

Question 35

These are chemical disinfectants which can be safely applied to the skin or mucous membrane and are used to prevent infection by inhibiting the growth of bacteria.

Answer 35

Antiseptics

Question 36

Physical Methods Dry heat

Answer 36

- Red heat - Flaming - Incineration - Hot air oven

Question 37

Physical Methods Moist heat

Answer 37

- Pasteurization - Boiling - Autoclave

Question 38

Physical Methods Uses what filter paper?

Answer 38

nanopore

Question 39

Chemical methods

Answer 39

- Bleach - Ethanol - Hydrogen peroxide - Ethylene oxide - Paraformaldehyde

Question 40

Holding period for Autoclave

Answer 40

121C at 15 pound pressure for 15 minutes

Question 41

Holding period for Hot Air Oven

Answer 41

160C for 1 hour

Question 42

T/F: Test tubes and flasks should be wrapped in paper before putting in oven.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

These are widely used to remove unwanted microorganisms from liquids.

Answer 43

Membrane filters

Question 44

Filters are made with what material, and what is the average pore diameter?

Answer 44

cellulose esters, 0.22mm

Question 45

Chemical Methods What percentage of alcohol or bleach is recommended?

Answer 45

70% Alcohol, 10% Bleach

Question 46

This has a very high penetrative power that can be highly lethal to all cells.

Answer 46

Ultraviolet (UV)

Question 47

UV is used for?

Answer 47

- Cleaning surfaces (inoculation hoods) - Laboratory benches - Laboratory apparatus

Question 48

Three conditions for a successful aseptic technique

Answer 48

- Work area must be disinfected - Transfer instruments/glasswares must be sterilized - Work must be accomplished quickly and efficiently

Question 49

This container is to be lined with clear autoclave bags and should be decontaminated inside the biosafety cabinet and/or autoclaved.

Answer 49

Biohazard containers

Question 50

This container should used for contaminated culture tubes and glasswares that are washing and decontamination.

Answer 50

Decontamination bins

Question 51

The shaft of a pipette is also known as a?

Answer 51

tip holder

Question 52

The thumbwheel is also known as a?

Answer 52

Fine volume adjustment ring

Question 53

In this displacement, air is displaced by the piston.

Answer 53

Air displacement

Question 54

In this displacement, aspiration force remains constant, unaffected by physical properties of sample

Answer 54

Positive displacement

Question 55

T/F: In air displacement, the volume of air displaced is equivalent to volume of liquid aspirated.

Answer 55

True

Question 56

This is preferred when dispensing aqueous solutions, which may contain low detergents and protein concentrations.

Answer 56

Forward Pipetting

Question 57

This is performed when dispensing viscous or foaming liquids, or very minute amt of liquid.

Answer 57

Reverse Pipetting

Question 58

When should you pre-rinse a pipette?

Answer 58

- Changing a tip - Increase a volume setting

Question 59

Wiping the pipette is only necessary when?

Answer 59

when pipetting viscous liquids

Question 60

Choice of tissue for wiping the pipette

Answer 60

- Resistant - Lint free - Inert to acids and solvents

Question 61

Fluid depth penetration

Answer 61

only <3mm