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MT6319 MOLBIO > U3 LEC: TRANSLATION > Flashcards

U3 LEC: TRANSLATION Flashcards

1
Q

Blueprint for genetic makeup, basis for translation

A

DNA

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2
Q

Sequence for genetic code

A

RNA

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3
Q

This is contained in the RNA and will create the polymer protein as a product of translation

A

Codon

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4
Q

Product of transcription, most biologically active form

A

mRNA

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5
Q

Mature mRNA has no?

A

introns

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6
Q

This will facilitate exit of mature mRNA out of nucleus.

A

methyl guanosine cap at 5’ end

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7
Q

This is not seen in tRNA and rRNA.

A

poly adenylated tail at 3’ end

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8
Q

This occur in triplets and a combination of nucleotides.

A

Codons

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9
Q

How many possible combinations of codons can be made?

A

64

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10
Q

How many codons code for amino acids?

A

61

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11
Q

Start codon or Methionine

A

AUG

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12
Q

How many codons code for stop codons?

A

3

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13
Q

Stop Codons

A

UAG, UGA, UAA

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14
Q

1 amino acid is to multiple codons, except?

A
  • Methionine (AUG)
  • Tryptophan (UGG)
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15
Q

This is the carrier of the anticodon.

A

tRNA

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16
Q

This refers to the complementary sequence of codon

A

anticodon

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17
Q

T/F: The codon will not bind to the large subunit without presence of anticodon in tRNA.

A

True

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18
Q

This is found in the 5’ end, and is usually carrying the anticodon.

A

Phosphate group

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19
Q

This is found in the 3’ end, and is the binding site for amino acid.

A

CCA (binding region; Can Carry Aminoacid)

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20
Q

Characteristics of the Genetic Code

A
  • Comma-less
  • Non-overlapping
  • Redundant
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21
Q

Characteristics of the Genetic Code

This refers to the constant reading from 5’ to 3’ direction regardless of the sequence

A

Comma-less

(no comma, dire diretso, walang pakealam kahit may deletion!)

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22
Q

Characteristics of the Genetic Code

This is when the ribosomes will give 1 amino acid for each codon.

A

Non-overlapping

(di pagsasamahin yung 2 same codons together as 1 amino acid)

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23
Q

Characteristics of the Genetic Code

This is how 1 amino acid can correspond to multiple codons.

A

Redundant

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24
Q

This principle is found in codons that are redundant where we substitute Inosine.

A

Wobble Phenomenon

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25
This degenerate anticodon, has multivalent properties, and can combine with any other sequence.
Inosine
26
Wobble Effect/Inosine increases ________ of anticodon to its corresponding codon.
recognition potential
27
For Serine, Inosine can constitute for
- Adenine - Uracil - Cytosine
28
Reason for Wobble Effect
decreases the rate of mutation
29
Arms of tRNA
- TΨC-Arm (T Psi arm) - D-arm
30
The TΨC-Arm is also called the?
T loop arm
31
This arm contains the receptors for Thymidine and Uridine.
TΨC-Arm
32
This arm allows the binding of amino acyl tRNA synthetase.
D-Arm
33
This will carry or charge the tRNA with the corresponding amino acid depending on the attached anticodon region by checking the anticodon loop.
Amino acyl tRNA synthetase
34
Activity of synthetase requires?
energy
35
Eukaryotic Ribosome
80s (large is 60s, small is 40s)
36
This is the rate of sedimentation or weight.
Svedberg unit
37
Prokaryotic Ribosome
70s (large is 50s, small is 30s)
38
Prokaryotic ribosomes is important for?
antibiotics
39
Antibiotics such as aminoglycosides, tetracyclines target the?
30s subunit (prevent multiplication ng bacteria sa body)
40
Phases of Translation
- Initiation - Elongation - Termination
41
Prokaryotic This is found in the 5' downstream, starting line for initiation.
Shine Delgarno (SD) Sequence
42
Prokaryotic The Shine Delgarno Sequence is recognized by _____ in the small protein subunit.
16srRNA
43
Shine Delgarno Sequence
GGAGGU
44
This enters after the SD sequence binds with small protein subunit.
IF 3
45
This prevents the premature arrival and attachment of large subunit.
IF 3
46
T/F: Charged tRNA for prokaryotes must carry corresponding codon to AUG for IF 3 to enter.
True
47
Charged tRNA for Prokaryotes carry?
N-formylmethionine
48
Charged tRNA for Eukaryotes carry?
Methionine
49
This IF carries Guanosine Triphosphate as source of energy.
IF 2
50
IF 2 requires?
IF 1 (link to IF 3)
51
GTP is reduced to?
GDP and Pyrophosphate (inorganic phosphate)
52
The energy reduced from GTP is important in the attachment of?
large protein subunit to small protein subunit
53
The 43s Preinitiation Complex is composed of?
- Charged tRNA - IFs - GTP
54
IF added to eIF1A and eIF3
eIF2
55
The 43s Preinitiation Complex will attach to 5' downstream end with the help of?
eIF4
56
Types of eIF4
4A, 4B, 4E, 4G
57
eIF in the 5'
eIF4E
58
eIF in the 3'
eIF4G
59
The Preinitiation Complex will crawl along _____ to find the start codon
exon
60
These eIFs control the movement of complex throughout the exon.
4E & 4G
61
The Charged tRNA with anticodon for Methionine and amino acid, after binding to start codon, will enter what site?
Peptidyl site
62
T/F: There will still be a recognition site if charged tRNA does not carry the anticodon.
False
63
The Amino Acyl site is also known as?
Arrival site
64
Three Sites in Elongation
Amino acyl site Peptidyl site Exit site
65
T/F: Several tRNAs will enter the A site until there is an anticodon that matches the codon.
True
66
This eEF carries GTP for the opening of A site and entry of tRNA.
eEF1
67
This is created between amino acids upon removal of eEF1
Peptide Bond
68
This enzyme pulls apart charged tRNA in P site to A site to form peptide bond.
Peptidyl Transferase
69
The transfer from A to P, and P to E is called?
Translocation
70
Translocation happens in the presence of?
eEF2
71
The recycled tRNA is dependent on the action of?
Amino acyl tRNA syntethase
72
This large protein will enter the A site once there is no corresponding anticodon (stop codon) and will cause amino acid to disassociate.
Release Factor
73
Sites for protein synthesis
Ribosomes and Rough ER
74
The ribosomes and rough ER are located near the?
nucleus
75
Proteins synthesized by free ribosomes
- Cytosolic - Nuclear - Mitochondrial enzymes - Peroxisomal enzymes
76
Proteins synthesized by the rough E.R.
- Lysosomal - Secreted - Membrane
77
The Signal Sequence is recognized by?
Signal Recognition Protein
78
This has GTP for opening of translocon.
Signal Recognition Protein
79
Translation will happen by releasing in the?
lumen of Rough E.R.
80
This is where Signal Sequence binds to cause translocon to open.
Signal Recognition Particle Receptor
81
This cuts Signal Sequence to liberate protein to Rough E.R.
Signal Peptidase
82
Proteins in RER will be?
- released to ECF - released to cell membrane - become lysozome

MT6319 MOLBIO (10 decks)

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