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MT6322 MYCOVIRO > U1 LEC: INTRO TO MYCOLOGY (PT 2) > Flashcards

U1 LEC: INTRO TO MYCOLOGY (PT 2) Flashcards

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1
Q

Determinants of Pathogenecity

A
  • Thermotolerance
  • Adaptation to a parasitic lifestyle
  • Adhesins
  • Use of enzymes to attach host tissues
  • Dimorphism
  • Evasion of immune response
  • Presence of cell wall molecules that are barriers that resist lysis by phagocytes and antifungal agents
  • Toxin Production
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2
Q

T/F: There are fungal elements that can produce toxin.

A

True

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3
Q

Toxin that is produced by fungi

A

Aflatoxin

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4
Q

Refers to causes of mycotic/fungal infections

A

Mycoses

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5
Q

Practical Classification of Fungi

A
  • Superficial/Cutaneous
  • Subcutaneous
  • Systemic
  • Opportunistic
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6
Q

Fungal Toxicology

A

Mycotoxicoses

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7
Q

Mode of Transmission

A

Ingestion of mycotoxins

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8
Q

Toxins are coming from?

A

Amanita mushroom

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9
Q

Examples of Amanita mushroom

A
  • Amanita muscaria
  • Amanita phalloides
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10
Q

causes Psychoactive effects and Hepatotoxins

A

Amainitin, Phalloidin

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11
Q

This causes Ergotism or St. Anthony’s Fire

A

Ergot Alkaloids

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12
Q

Ergot Alkaloids cause?

A

Ergotism or St. Anthony’s Fire

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13
Q

Ergot Alkaloids are derived from?

A

Claviceps purpurea

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14
Q

Alkaloids include?

A

Ergotamine and Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)

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15
Q

Effect of Alkaloids

A

Vascular and Neurologic effects

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16
Q

Alkaloids cause to develop?

A

Gangrene, Convulsions

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17
Q

Aflatoxins (coumarin derivatives) are produced by?

A

Aspergillus flavus

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18
Q

This is found if staple commodities are improperly stored, enter the food chain infecting livestock, and infection happens when spoiled grains and peanuts are ingested.

A

Aflatoxin

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19
Q

Aflatoxin B1 can lead to?

A

Hepatic Carcinoma and Liver Damage

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20
Q

This refers to the exaggerated immune response.

A

Hypersensitivity Reaction

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21
Q

This is manifested by asthmatic reaction.

A

Allergies

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22
Q

Asthmatic reactions are mediated by?

A

IgE

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23
Q

Skin test reactions under Allergies

A

Eosinophilia, “wheal and flare” (redness, swelling)

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24
Q

This is due to immediate hypersensitivity response to spores.

A

Allergies

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25
Hypersensitivity reaction is caused by?
spore inhalation
26
Designed to give information in aiding the clinician in selecting the antifungal agent to treat a specific antifungal disease
Anti-fungal therapy
27
Polyene Macrolide Antifungals Anti-fungal agents
- Amphotericin B - Nystatin
28
Polyene Macrolide Antifungals Source of Ampothericin B
Streptomyces nodosus
29
Polyene Macrolide Antifungals MOA
Binds ergosterol to alter selective permeability
30
Polyene Macrolide Antifungals Usage (Amphotericin B)
For deep seated fungal infections - Candida - Cryptococcus - Mucorales
31
Polyene Macrolide Antifungals Precaution
toxic to the kidney
32
Polyene Macrolide Antifungals Source of Nystatin
Streptomyces noursei
33
Polyene Macrolide Antifungals Usage (Nystatin)
Oral or vulvovaginal candidiasis
34
Grisans Antifungal agent
Griseofulvin
35
Grisans Source
Penicillum species
36
Grisans MOA
Inhibits microtubular function
37
Grisans Usage
Oral agent for Dermatophytosis (not responsive azoles)
38
Nucleoside Analogs Antifungal agent
5-Fluoro-cytosine (Flucyotsine)
39
Nucleoside Analogs MOA
Inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis
40
Nucleoside Analogs Usage
Candida and Cryptococcus infections (synergistic with Amphotericin B)
41
Azole Derivatives Antifungal agents
- Clotrimazole - Miconazole - Fluconazole - Ketoconazole - Itraconazole
42
Azole Derivatives MOA of Clotrimazole and Miconazole
Disrupt cell membrane by interfering with synthesis of Ergosterol
43
Azole Derivatives MOA of Fluconazole
Inhibit cytochrome p-450 dependent enzymes
44
Azole Derivatives Usage of Clotrimazole and Miconazole
Dermatophytosis (Mild)
45
Azole Derivatives Usage of Fluconazole
Candida or Cryptococcus infections (Oral or IV)
46
Azole Derivatives Usage of Ketoconazole
Mild Paracoccidiodomycosis (Oral or topical)
47
Azole Derivatives Usage of Itraconaxole
- Aspergillosis - Sporotrichosis - Cryptococcosis - Onychomycosis
48
Echinocandins Antifungal agents
- Caspofungin - Anidulafungin
49
Echinocandins MOA
- semisynthetic lipopeptides that target fungal cell wall - inhibit glucan synthesis by targeting on 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase
50
Echinocandins Usage
Candida infections
51
Allylamines Antifungal agents
- Terbinafine - Naftifine - Selenium sulfide - Potassium Iodide
52
Allylamines MOA
interfere cell wall synthesis
53
Allylamines Usage of Terbinafine and Naftifine
skin, nail fungal infections (topical)
54
Allylamines Usage of Selenium sulfide
Tinea versicolor
55
Allylamines Usage of Potassium Iodide
Cutaneuous/lymphatic sporotrichosis
56
Clinically used antifungals Targeting cell wall/membrane
- Ergosterol Inhibitors - B-glucan synthase inhibitors
57
Clinically used antifungals Ergosterol inhibitors
- Lanosterol 14a-demethylase inhibitors - Ergosterol binding - Squalene monooxygenase inhibitors
58
Clinically used antifungals Lanosterol 14a-demethylase inhibitors
Azole (Imidazole, Triazole)
59
Clinically used antifungals Ergosterol binding
Polyenes (Amphotericin B, Nystatin, Pimaricin)
60
Clinically used antifungals Squalene monooxygenase inhibitors
Allylamines, Benzylamines, Thiocarbamate
61
Clinically used antifungals B-glucan synthase inhibitors
- Echinocandins - Ibrexafungerp
62
Clinically used antifungals Intracellular targets
- Pyrimidine analogues/thymidylate synthase inhibitors - Mitotic inhibitors - Aminoaxyl tRNA synthetase inhibitors
63
Clinically used antifungals Pyrimidine analogues/thymidylate
Flucytosine
64
Clinically used antifungals Mitotic inhibitors
Griseofulvin
65
Clinically used antifungals Aminoaxyl tRNA synthetase inhibitors
Tavaborole
66
Treatments for Mold Allergy
- Decongestants - Antihistamine drugs - Immunotherapy - Home-proofing (filter)

MT6322 MYCOVIRO (10 decks)

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