U5 LEC: SYSTEMIC MYCOSES

Question 1

Fungal infections of which can overcome the physiological and cellular defences of normal human host

Answer 1

Systemic Mycoses

Question 2

Infections occurs by?

Answer 2

inhalation of air-borne conidia

Question 3

Initial infection occur in the?

Answer 3

lungs / pulmonary infection

Question 4

This is the fungal infection of?

Answer 4

internal organs

Question 5

Form of Agents of Systemic Mycoses

Answer 5

dimorphic

Question 6

Agents of Systemic Mycoses

Answer 6

• Blastomyces dermatitidis
• Coccidiodes (immitis, posadasii)
• Histoplasma capsulatum
• Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis

Question 7

Blastomycosis

Anamorph

Answer 7

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Question 8

Blastomycosis

Teleomorph

Answer 8

Ajellomyces dermatitidis

Question 9

Blastomyces dermatitidis causes?

Answer 9

Blastomycosis

Question 10

Blastomycosis

Lesions

Answer 10

granulomatous and suppurative

Question 11

Blastomycosis

Most prevalent in?

Answer 11

middle-aged men

Question 12

Blastomycosis

Symptoms

Answer 12

similar to symptoms of the flu

Question 13

Clinical Types of Blastomycosis

Answer 13

• Pulmonary
• Cutaneous
• Disseminated

Question 14

Blastomycosis is also known as?

Answer 14

• Gilchrist Disease
• North American Blastomycosis
• Chicago Disease

Question 15

Blastomycosis

Diagnosis through Microscopy

Answer 15

KOH / Calcofluor white

Question 16

Blastomycosis

Serological diagnosis

Answer 16

Enzyme Immunoassays (EIA)

Question 17

Blastomycosis

Grown at 37C (body temp) for?

Answer 17

broad-based, budding yeast cells

Question 18

Blastomycosis

Grown at 20-25C (room temp) for?

Answer 18

Mycelial phase

Question 19

The mycelial phase requires confirmatory identification through?

Answer 19

DNA probe and DNA sequencing

Question 20

Blastomycosis

Treatment

Answer 20

• Amphotericin B
• Itraconazole

Question 21

Blastomycosis

Branching hyphae bears?

Answer 21

spherical, ovoid, piriform conidia on slender terminal or lateral conidiophores

Question 22

Blastomycosis

Microscopic exam

Answer 22

broadly attached buds on thick-walled yeast cells

Question 23

Blastomycosis

Specimens

Answer 23

• sputum
• pus
• exudates
• urine

Question 24

Coccidiodes spp.

Answer 24

• C. immitis
• C. posadasii

Question 25

Most virulent of all human mycotic agents

Answer 25

Coccidiodes spp.

Question 26

Coccidiodes spp. causes?

Answer 26

Coccidioidomycosis

Question 27

Coccidioidomycosis resides in a narrow ecologic niche called?

Answer 27

Lower Sonoran Life Zone

Question 28

T/F: The Lower Sonoran Life Zone has little rainwater but still have humidity.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Coccidioidomycosis Asymptomatic pulmonary and _______ manifestations

Answer 29

allergic

Question 30

Coccidioidomycosis Primary disease usually resolves _________ therapy, confers a strong, _________ to reinfection.

Answer 30

without, specific immunity

Question 31

Coccidioidomycosis Clinical Features

Answer 31

- develop influenza like fever - allergic manfiestations - <1% develop chronic progression disseminated disease

Question 32

Coccidioidomycosis Clinical Features in Skin and CNS

Answer 32

- granuloma - cold abscess - osteomyelitis - synovitis - meningitis

Question 33

Coccidioidomycosis MOT

Answer 33

Inhalation of arthrospores (barrel shaped spores)

Question 34

Coccidioidomycosis Once arthrospores are inhaled, it developes into?

Answer 34

spherules that contain endospores

Question 35

Coccidioidomycosis Diagnosis

Answer 35

spherules in tissue

Question 36

Coccidioidomycosis Microscopic examination

Answer 36

fertile hyphae arising at the right angles to the vegetative hyphae (alternating hyaline arthroconidia)

Question 37

Coccidioidomycosis Hyphae form chains of arthrospores which often develop in?

Answer 37

alternate cells of a hypha fragment into individual arthroconidia

Question 38

T/F: In Coccidioidomycosis, if endospores are liberated, it can turn into spherules.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Coccidioidomycosis Treatment

Answer 39

Amphotericin B, Itraconazole

Question 40

Other name for Coccidioidomycosis

Answer 40

Valley Fever

Question 41

This fungi causes Histoplasmosis.

Answer 41

Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 42

Histoplasmosis Anamorph

Answer 42

Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 43

Histoplasmosis Teleomorph

Answer 43

Ajellomyces capsulatus

Question 44

Histoplasmosis Intracellular infection of the?

Answer 44

reticuloendothelial system

Question 45

Histoplasmosis Present in?

Answer 45

soil, rotting areas, feces of chickens, bats and other birds (contain high N2 content)

Question 46

Histoplasmosis Endemic in?

Answer 46

parts of USA

Question 47

Histoplasmosis 1st described by?

Answer 47

Samuel Darling

Question 48

Other names for Histoplasmosis

Answer 48

- Darling's Disease - Spelunker's Disease (bat feces)

Question 49

Histoplasmosis Clinical findings

Answer 49

- limited & asymptomatic - Acute Pulmonary Disease - Reactivation occurs - Chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis (patients with COPD) - Cutaneous and Mucocutaneous

Question 50

Histoplasmosis Histology

Answer 50

small oval yeast cells packed within macrophages

Question 51

Histoplasmosis Microscopic

Answer 51

hyaline, septate hyphae bearing microconidia and large spherical macroconidia

Question 52

Histoplasmosis Treatment

Answer 52

Itraconazole

Question 53

This fungi causes Paracoccidioidomycosis.

Answer 53

Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis

Question 54

Paracoccidioidomycosis Endemic to?

Answer 54

Central and South America

Question 55

Paracoccidioidomycosis Geographic areas that have highest incidence

Answer 55

humid, high-rainfall areas, acidic soil conditions

Question 56

Paracoccidioidomycosis usually unapparent or?

Answer 56

asymptomatic

Question 57

Paracoccidioidomycosis Clinical Findings

Answer 57

- Acute or chronic granulomatous infection - disseminates to skin, mucosa, lymph nodes & other internal organs - chronic paracoccidiodomycosis

Question 58

Paracoccidioidomycosis Microscopic

Answer 58

large, multiple budding yeast cells

Question 59

Paracoccidioidomycosis Treatment

Answer 59

- Itraconazole - Amphotericin B - SXT - Ketoconazole

Question 60

Systemic mycoses are affiliated with?

Answer 60

Division Ascomycota (Ajellomycetaceae)

Question 61

T/F: Paracoccidiodes lutzii also causes Paracoccidioidomycosis.

Answer 61

True