U2: C8: Respiration

Question 1

Order of respiratory components

Answer 1

1. nasal cavity (humidify, filter) 2. pharynx (larynx, epiglottis) 3. trachea -> bronchi-> bronchioles -> alveoli (covered in surfactant to decrease surface tension, to prevent alveoli collapse)

Question 2

Lung components

Answer 2

lung enclosed in a double membrane, (inside to out) lung, visceral pleura, intrapleural space, parietal pleura, thoracic cavity.

Question 3

Total lung capacity (TLC)

Answer 3

TLC = RV + VC RV: residual volume : can never leave lungs VC: vital capacity = TV + ERV + IRV TV= tidal volume (shallow breathing) ERV= expiratory reserve volume (use muscles to force air out) IRV= inspirational reserve volume (use muscles to force air in)

Question 4

Ventilation: controlled by -inhale -exhale

Answer 4

chemoreceptors in medulla, detect CO2 = pH levels in blood and determine rate of respiration. -diagram and intercostal muscles contract, causes neg pressure in intrapleural space forcing air in. -muscles recoil and relax, air leaves due to Boyle’s law V inversely proportional to P.

Question 5

gas exchange is a result of…

Answer 5

of concentration gradient = partial pressure difference in oxygen and carbondioxide. it is a passive process.