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MCAT Kaplan Biology > U1: C1: The Cell > Flashcards

U1: C1: The Cell Flashcards

1
Q

Cell theory

A
  1. cell is basic unit of life
  2. arise from pre-existing cells
  3. cells carry and transfer genetic info
  4. all living things composed of cell(s)
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2
Q

Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

  1. organisms
  2. cell support
  3. location of genetic material
  4. mitotic apparatus
  5. organelles
  6. Flagella and sperm tail make up
  7. uni/multicellular
  8. ribosomal subunit
  9. DNA/ chromosomes
  10. location of transcription and translation
  11. asexual/sexual
  12. types of reproduction
A
  1. bacteria
    1. fungi, protist, plants, animals
  2. cw (peptidoglycan)
    1. fungi cw (chitin)
    2. protists & plants cw (cellulose)
    3. animals no cw, instead internal cytoskeleton
  3. no nucleus, instead in the nucleoid (region)
    1. inside the nucleus
  4. none instead use cytoskeleton
    1. only animals: centrioles and asters (MTOC)
  5. none
    1. yes present (key distinction bw pro & euk)
  6. flagellin (use H+ and Na+ gradient)
    1. animals: microtubules (use ATP)
  7. uni
    1. fungi (uni/multi)
    2. protists (uni usually, but multi like algea)
    3. plants (uni/multi)
    4. animals (multi)
  8. 70s
    1. animal: 80s
  9. Single circular, 1 chromosome w.o histones
    1. animal: muli linear, multiple chromosomes w. histones
  10. occurs at the same time, in the cytoplasm
    1. occurs at different times, transcription in the nucleus, translation in the cytoplasm
  11. a/sexual
    1. fungi, protists, plants: a/sexual
    2. animals: sexual
  12. binary fission(a), conjugation(s), (transformation/transduction)
    1. fungi: spores/ mycelial fragmentation
    2. animals: meoisis
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3
Q
  1. nucleus
  2. nucleolus
  3. nucleoid
A
  1. only in euk
  2. only in euk, where rRNA is transcribed and incomplete ribosomes are made.
  3. only ih prok, region where DNA is located when coiled
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4
Q

Membrane

A

phospholipid bilayer, with hydrophobic and hydrphobic region. It is what encloses the organelles.

  1. In euk plasma membrane, embedded are…
    1. Transport proteins
    2. Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) proteins : recognize cells, located on cell surface
    3. Cholesterol: rigidity
    4. Sugar
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5
Q

nucleus structure

A

Enveloped nucearl membrane (double membrane), nuclear pores, and nucleolus

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6
Q

Ribosomes

A

make protein (and can be either the free floating or bound to ER)

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7
Q

Can bacteria do endo/exocytosis?

A

no

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8
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A
  1. smooth: nonbound ribosomes, biosynthesize lipids and steroids and metabolize carbs and drugs (detox)
  2. rough: bound ribosomes, biosynthesize transmembrane proteins and secreted proteins
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9
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

repackage SER and RER materials and secrete via secretory vessicles.

RER material is also modified in golgi

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10
Q

Vesicles/ vacuoles

A

animals/ plants

transport and store ingested, secreted, processed materials

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11
Q

lysosome

A

hydrolytic enzmes, also cause autolysis (cell death), recycle and clean up and police

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12
Q

Mitochondria

A

contains its own gene and repliate via binary fissionh but req use of ribosomes (only inherited by mother)

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13
Q

Microbodies

A

peroxisomes: in animals catalyze detox rxns in liver
glyoxysome: in gem. plant, utlize fat for usable E bc can’t photosynthesize yet

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14
Q

Chloroplasts

A

in plants and algae, use sun and water to make sugar

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15
Q

Centrioles

A

specialized microtubules not membrane bound. Animals only

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16
Q

Animal cell

A

organelles

17
Q

Plants

A

organelles

18
Q

Animals vs Plant cells

A
19
Q
  1. microfilament
  2. microtubules
  3. intermediate
A
  1. (actin rods): contraction of muscles - thin filament
  2. (tubullin hollow): structural support of cillia and flagella, and transportation of chromosomes
  3. (collection of fibers): maintailn overal integerity oc cytoskeleton
20
Q

liposome

A

phospholipid bilayer donut, so it can encase polar things

Miscelle: phospholipid circle, so it can encase nonpolar thing

MCAT Kaplan Biology (18 decks)

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