U2L2 The Building Blocks of Life

Question 1

What is ATP?

Answer 1

An energy-carrying molecule that is used by the cells of all living life

Question 2

What is an autotroph?

Answer 2

organisms that make their own food

Question 3

What is a biomolecule?

Answer 3

A molecule that is produced by a living thing

Question 4

what is a carbohydrate?

Answer 4

a biomolecule made of simple sugars

Question 5

what is carbon?

Answer 5

nonmetallic chemical element with an atomic number of 6 that bonds many other elements

Question 6

what are covalent bonds?

Answer 6

the connection between two atoms when they share a pair of electrons

Question 7

what is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 7

a compound made of hydrogen and carbon atoms

Question 8

what is a lipid?

Answer 8

a biomolecule made of fatty acids

Question 9

what is a marcromolecule?

Answer 9

a large molecule that contains many proteins

Question 10

what is a nucleic acid?

Answer 10

a biomolecule made of amino acids

Question 11

what is strach?

Answer 11

a carbohydrate that is made of long glucose chains

Question 12

what is carbon?

Answer 12

a non-metallic element that makes up all living things

Question 13

what does it mean that carbon has an atomic number of 6?

Answer 13

it has six protons in its nucleus

Question 14

how many electrons does carbon have?

Answer 14

6, two in its inner shell and four in its outer shell

Question 15

what are the maximum amount electrons carbon can hold in its outer shell?

Answer 15

8 electrons, so carbon’s outer shell can hold 4 more electron

Question 16

when does a covalent bond occur?

Answer 16

when electrons are shared between atoms (think of atoms being co-owners of electrons

Question 17

how many electrons does hydrogen have’

Answer 17

one electron

Question 18

what is the maximum amount of electrons hydrogen can hold in its outer shell?

Answer 18

two

Question 19

how many covalent bonds can carbon have with hydrpgen?

Answer 19

one

Question 20

how many electrons does oxygen have?

Answer 20

oxygen has 6 electrons in its outer shell

Question 21

how many covalent bonds can oxygen have with carbon?

Answer 21

it can form a double concealment bond with carbon in which two pairs of electrons are shared

Question 22

true of false.

a carbon atom can also bond covalently to another carbon atom.

Answer 22

true

Question 23

what is hydrocarbon?

Answer 23

a long chain of carbon bonded together covalently, sharing electrons

Question 24

what are hydrocarbons the backbone of?

Answer 24

biomolecules

Question 25

what are biomolecules?

Answer 25

molecules, such are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, that are produced by living things

Question 26

what are macromolecules?

Answer 26

they are large molecules that contain many different atoms

Question 27

what are some examples of marcomolecules?

Answer 27

carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids

Question 28

what are carbohydrates?

Answer 28

biomolecules whose building blocks are simple sugars, such as glucose and fructose. Carbohydrates are used to store energy for the body.

Question 29

what surcose?

Answer 29

(table sugar) a carbohydrate mace of glucose and fructose

Question 30

whagt are lipids?

Answer 30

biomolecules that are made up of fatty acids- Life carbohydrates, lipids store energy.

Question 31

what is cholesterol?

Answer 31

a type of lipid found in the cell membranes, the can br used to create hormones

Question 32

what a protien?

Answer 32

biomolecule that is made up of amino acids as their building blocks. Proteins perform many functions your body, such as building and repairing structures, catalyzing chemical reactions, and producing hormones.

Question 33

what are nuleic acids?

Answer 33

biomolecules that are made up of nucleotides as their building blocks. Nucleic acids store genetic material.

Question 34

how do you get amino acids?

Answer 34

your body can produce some amino acids, and some amino acids must come from your diet

Question 35

what do plants use glucose for?

Answer 35

to produce ATP, a usable form of energy by the cell (glucose can also make other things like starch)

Question 36

what do plants use starch for?

Answer 36

it is used to store energy

Question 37

what needs to happen for plants to make amino acids?

Answer 37

glucose needs to chemically react with nitrogen compounds that the plants absorb from the soil

Question 38

what are amino acids used to make?

Answer 38

proteins

Question 39

what are amino acids needed for?

Answer 39

to turn the food you eat into the molecules your body needs to survive

Question 40

what is glycogen?

Answer 40

a carbohydrate that is made up of glucose molecules. Glycogen is the main storage for glucose in the human body

Question 41

what are autotrophs?

Answer 41

organisms that can make their own food

Question 42

what is a chemoautotroph?

Answer 42

an organism that can make food through chemosynthesis, a process that uses chemical energy, carbon dioxide, and water to make glucose. Chemical energy comes from nitrogen, iron, or sulfur chemicals present in the organism’s environment