U2L4 The Essential Sugar Molecule

Question 1

what are amino acids?

Answer 1

the building blocks of protein

Question 2

what are carbohydrates?

Answer 2

a biomolecule made of simple sugars

Question 3

what is cellular respiration?

Answer 3

that process by which glucose and oxygen form ATP

Question 4

what is dehydration synthesis?

Answer 4

a chemical reaction in which water is removed during the formation of a new molecule

Question 5

what is glucose?

Answer 5

a simple 6-carbon sugar

Question 6

what is a nucleotide?

Answer 6

the building blocks of nucleic acids

Question 7

what is photosynthesis?

Answer 7

the process of changing light energy into stored chemical energy in the form of sugars

Question 8

what is starch?

Answer 8

a carbohydrate that is made of long glucose chains

Question 9

what are chloroplasts?

Answer 9

the organelles that perform photosynthesis

Question 10

what happens during photosynthesis?

Answer 10

plants use light energy to produce glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water

Question 11

what is glucose?

Answer 11

a simple six-carbon sugar

Question 12

Glucose molecules together to form larger…

Answer 12

carbohydrates

Question 13

Oxygen has six electrons in its outer shell. How many more electrons can it hold?

Answer 13

two

Question 14

Carbon has four electrons in its outer shell. How many more electrons can it hold?

Answer 14

four

Question 15

Hydrogen has one electron in its outer shell. How many more electrons can it hold?

Answer 15

one

Question 16

how are glucose molecules bonded in starch molecules?

Answer 16

glucose molecules are bonded to one another by an oxygen atom

Question 17

where do glucose molecules bond?

Answer 17

OH OH site

Question 18

what must happen for two glucose molecules to bond?

Answer 18

one glucose releases a hydrogen atom and the other glucose needs to release an OH OH group, allowing the carbons to bond with the remaining oxygen. the two released elements from water (H2O). this reaction is called the dehydration synthesis.

Question 19

why is it called the dehydration synthesis?

Answer 19

because water is released in the process.

Question 20

what is cellular respiration?

Answer 20

the process that produces the ATP from glucose and oxygen

Question 21

what is ATP?

Answer 21

an energy molecule that can be used for many life processes, including the formation of different types of biomolecules

Question 22

how does glycolysis use glucose?

Answer 22

uses it to produce ATP and pyruvate

Question 23

what is pyruvate?

Answer 23

can be used to produce the amino acid alanine, which is needed to produce proteins.

Question 24

what is another name for the citric acid cycle?

Answer 24

Krebs cycle

Question 25

what does the krebs cycle produce?

Answer 25

molecules that can be used to make amino acids

Question 26

How do animals receive nitrogen?

Answer 26

by eating plants, animals, and other organisms
(humans can make some amino acids to come from their diet)

Question 27

what are nucleotides?

Answer 27

they are building blocks of nucleic acids

Question 28

true or false.

all nucleotides also contains sugar

Answer 28

true

Question 29

what is deoxyribose?

Answer 29

a sugar made from glucose molecule known as glucose-6-phosphate

Question 30

what is yeast?

Answer 30

a single-celled fungi

Question 31

true or false.

yeast are fungi, they perform photosynthesis

Answer 31

false, since yeast is fungi, they do not perform photosynthesis and must consume food to make the biomolecules

Question 32

what is cellular respiration?

Answer 32

the process by which glucose ad oxygen from ATP

Question 33

why does yeast make bread rise?

Answer 33

the yeast consumes the carbohydrates in the bread. this yeast will produce carbon dioxide gas during the process of cellular respiration. this gas causes the bread to rise.