U4 chapter 8 Flashcards
Natural immunity
immunity to a disease that has developed without any medical intervention
Artificial immunity
protection against a disease formed as a result of medical intervention.Also known as induced immunity
Active immunity
-strategy to develop immunity
-protection against a disease created by antibodies and memory cells formmed by a persons own adaptive immune system
Passive immunity
-strategy to develop immunity
-immunity against disease created by antibodies from an external source
Natural active immunity
Protection against a disease created by antibodies and memory cells produced by an individuals own immune system without medical intervention.Also known as naturally acquired active immunity If the individual were too encounter the same pathogen it would be rapidly recofnised by the appropriate memory cell
Natural passive immunity
Protection against a disease created by antibodies from an external non-medical source.Also known as naturally acquired passive immunity
What are the 2 methods of acquiring natural passive immunity
–Breastfeeding: Human breast milk contains many nutrients and proteins essential for healthy growth and development including antibodies generated from the mothers immune system. These anitbodies are ingested, this is vital siince babies have poorly developed immune systems
-Placenta:During pregnancy, some antibodies produced by the mother cross the placenta and enter the foetus bloodstream via the umbilical cord, these support the child when it is born and for a short period after.
Artificial immunity
protection against a disease created by antibodies and memory cells produced by an individuals own immune system after medicial intervention.
Artificial active immunity
-Protection against a disease created by antibodies and memory cells produced by an individuals own immune system after medical intervention.Also known as artificially acquired active immunity.
-Artificial active immunity is the basis of how vaccines work.
Vaccine
A medical treatment typically containing antigens designed to stimulate a persons adaptive immune system to create immunity to a pathogen without actually causing disease.
2 main phases to forming artificial active immunity
The primary immune response and the secondary immune system
Primary immune response
The reaction of the adaptive immune system to an antigen it has not previously been exposed to
Secondary immune response
the heightened reaction of the adaptive immune system to an antigen it has previously been exposed to
Vaccination program
A series of vaccinations designed to create long-term immunity to a disease also known as a vaccination schedule
Booster vaccine
-A vaccination given to a person later in time after they have completed their initial vaccinaton program to enhance their exsisiting immunity against a disease.Also known as a booster shot.
-Memory T and B cells die after a long period of time, meaning individuals who had immunity may have it start to fade, this is why a booster vaccine is administered
