U6.2 NEUROTRANSMITTERS

Question 1

Drug selectivity is based on the fact that different pathways use different transmitters, a primary goal of neuroscience has been to identify the neurotransmitters in CNS pathways

Answer 1

Central Neurotransmitters

Question 2

Criteria for Transmitter Status

Present in higher concentration in the synaptic area than in other areas

Answer 2

Localization

Question 3

Criteria for Transmitter Status

Released by electrical or chemical stimulation via a

Answer 3

calcium-dependent mechanism

Question 4

Criteria for Transmitter Status

Produce the same sort of postsynaptic response that is seen with physiologic activation of the synapse

Answer 4

Synaptic mimicry

Question 5

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

• 5% of neurons have receptors for ___
• G protein-coupled muscarinic M1 receptors

Answer 5

Acetylcholine (Ach)

Question 6

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

• ↓ slows excitation
• ↓ decreases permeability to potassium

Answer 6

Acetylcholine (Ach)

Question 7

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

Inhibitory actions at synapses in specific neuronal systems

Answer 7

Dopamine

Question 8

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

G protein-coupled activation of K+ channels

Answer 8

Dopamine

Question 9

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

D2 receptor is the main dopamine subtype

Answer 9

Dopamine

Question 10

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

↑ increases cAMP

Answer 10

Dopamine

Question 11

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS + Effect

Activation of α1 and β1 receptors

Answer 11

Norepinephrine, Excitatory

Question 12

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS + Effect

↓ decreases K+ conductance

Answer 12

Norepinephrine, Excitatory

Question 13

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

Activation of α2 and β2 receptors

Answer 13

Norepinephrine, Inhibitory

Question 14

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

↑ increases K+ conductance

Answer 14

Norepinephrine, Inhibitory

Question 15

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

Multiple 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor subtypes

Answer 15

Serotonin

Question 16

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

Metabotropic

Answer 16

Serotonin

Question 17

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

Inhibitory at many CNS sites

Answer 17

Serotonin

Question 18

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

Excitatory depending on the receptor subtype activated

Answer 18

Serotonin

Question 19

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

Excitatory for most neurons

Answer 19

Glutamic Acid

Question 20

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor

Answer 20

Glutamic Acid

Question 21

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

Inhibition of adenyl cyclase

Answer 21

Glutamic Acid

Question 22

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

The Primary NTA mediating IPSPs

Answer 22

GABA

Question 23

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

Opens Cl- conductance

Answer 23

GABA(A) receptor activation

Question 24

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS

Opens K+ channels

Answer 24

GABA(B) receptor activation

Question 25

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS Closes Ca2+ channels

Answer 25

GABA(B) receptor activation

Question 26

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS More numerous in the cord

Answer 26

Glycine

Question 27

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS ↑ increases Cl- conductance

Answer 27

Glycine

Question 28

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS Beta-endorphins, dynorphins

Answer 28

Opioid Peptides

Question 29

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS ↓ decreases Ca2+ conductance

Answer 29

Opioid Peptides Inhibitory (presynaptic)

Question 30

Chemicals accepted as NTAs in the CNS ↑ increases K+ conductance

Answer 30

Opioid Peptides Inhibitory (postsynaptic)

Question 31

Type of Neurotransmitters Glutamate

Answer 31

Amino Acid Neurotransmitter

Question 32

Type of Neurotransmitters GABA and Glycine

Answer 32

Amino Acid Neurotransmitter

Question 33

Type of Neurotransmitters Ionotropic Receptor

Answer 33

GABA(A)

Question 34

Type of Neurotransmitters Metabotropic Receptor

Answer 34

GABA (B)

Question 35

Type of Neurotransmitters Catecholamines

Answer 35

Monoamine Neurotransmitter

Question 36

Type of Neurotransmitters Dopamine

Answer 36

Monoamine Neurotransmitter

Question 37

Type of Neurotransmitters Norepinephrine

Answer 37

Monoamine Neurotransmitter

Question 38

Type of Neurotransmitters 5-Hydroxytryptamine

Answer 38

Monoamine Neurotransmitter

Question 39

Type of Neurotransmitters Histamine

Answer 39

Monoamine Neurotransmitter

Question 40

Type of Neurotransmitters Opioid Peptides (Enkephalins, Endorphins)

Answer 40

Neuropeptides

Question 41

Type of Neurotransmitters Neurotensin

Answer 41

Neuropeptides

Question 42

Type of Neurotransmitters Substance P

Answer 42

Neuropeptides

Question 43

Type of Neurotransmitters Somatostatin

Answer 43

Neuropeptides

Question 44

Type of Neurotransmitters Cholecystokinin

Answer 44

Neuropeptides

Question 45

Type of Neurotransmitters Vasoactive Intestinal polypeptide

Answer 45

Neuropeptides

Question 46

Type of Neurotransmitters Neuropeptide Y

Answer 46

Neuropeptides

Question 47

Type of Neurotransmitters Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Answer 47

Neuropeptides

Question 48

Type of Neurotransmitters Orexin (Hypocretins)

Answer 48

Neuropeptides

Question 49

Type of Neurotransmitters Endocannabinoids

Answer 49

Signaling Substance

Question 50

Type of Neurotransmitters Nitric Oxide, Purine

Answer 50

Signaling Substance