U8.1.1 DRUG OF ABUSE Flashcards by EJ E

Q

Dependence / Addiction

Physical, Tolerance

A

Dependence

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Q

T/F Drugs of Abuse has no no medical indication

A

T

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Q

Dependence / Addiction

Withdrawal Syndrome, Non-psychoactive drugs

A

Dependence

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Q

Dependence / Addiction

Psychological, Compulsion

A

Addiction

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Q

Dependence / Addiction

Relapsing, Craving

A

Addiction

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Q

Mesolimbic Dopamine System

reward neurotransmitter

A

Dopamine

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Q

Mesolimbic Dopamine System

for reward, pleasure, euphoria, motor function, compulsion & perseveration

A

Dopamine

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Q

Mesolimbic Dopamine System (Class Type)

Target GPCRs - G protein coupled receptors

A

Class 1

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Q

Mesolimbic Dopamine System (Class Type)

Opioids, THC, GHB, Cannabinoids, LSD, Mescaline, Psilocybi

A

Class 1

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Q

Mesolimbic Dopamine System (Class Type)

Target ion channels

A

Class 2

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Q

Mesolimbic Dopamine System (Class Type)

Drugs that bind to Ionotropic receptors

A

Class 2

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Q

Mesolimbic Dopamine System (Class Type)

Benzodiazepines, Nicotine, Ethanol, Alcohol, Ketamine & PCP, Inhalants

A

Class 2

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Q

Mesolimbic Dopamine System (Class Type)

Drugs that Bind to Transporters of Biogenic Amines

A

Class 3

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Q

Mesolimbic Dopamine System (Class Type)

Targets transporters which are post-protein receptors that transports for recycling or for storage of our neurotransmitters

A

Class 3

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Q

Mesolimbic Dopamine System (Class Type)

Cocaine, Amphetamine, Ecstasy (MDMA)

A

Class 3

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Q

T/F Drugs have different schedules on how they can be regulated legally for each drug

A

F

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Q

Regulation Schedule

High potential for abuse, no known medical use and lacks accepted safety for use

A

Schedule I

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Q

Regulation Schedule

Heroin, Lyserg ic acid diethylamide

A

Schedule I

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Q

Regulation Schedule

Potential for abuse with proven and accepted medical use but WITH SEVERE RESTRICTIONS, because abuse may cause severe psycho/physio dependence

A

Schedule II

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Q

Regulation Schedule

morphine, cocaine, methadone, methampetamine, phencyclidine

A

Schedule II

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Q

Regulation Schedule

Less potential for abuse than schedule I or II; with accepted medical use

A

Schedule III

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Q

Regulation Schedule

Abuse may cause moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence

A

Schedule III

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Q

Regulation Schedule

Anabolic steroids, codeine and hydrocodone, with aspirin or Tylenol

A

Schedule III

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Q

Regulation Schedule

The drug or other substance has a low potential for abuse relative to the drugs or other substances in Schedule III

A

Schedule IV

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Regulation Schedule Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to limited physical dependence or psycholog ical dependence relative to the drugs or other substances in Schedule III

Schedule IV

Regulation Schedule Valium and Xanax

Schedule IV

Regulation Schedule The drug or other substance has a low potential for abuse relative to the drugs or other substances in Schedule IV

Schedule V

Regulation Schedule Cough syrups and codeine

Schedule V

Tolerance Reduction of concentration

Pharmacokinetic Tolerance

Tolerance Shorter duration of action

Pharmacokinetic Tolerance

Tolerance Recruitment of Adaptor protein (β-arrestin)

Pharmacodynamic Tolerance

Tolerance Desensitization

Pharmacodynamic Tolerance

Tolerance Receptor internalization

Pharmacodynamic Tolerance

Counter-regulatory system in our body

Withdrawal Symptoms

- High motivation to obtain and use - Negative consequences

Addiction

Addiction Re-exposure, Stress, Context recall

Relapse

- Alter perception; no reward/euphoria - Targets cortical and thalamic system

Non addictive Drug Abuse

Type of Non-addictive Drug Opioids, Cannabinoids, GHB, LSD, Mescaline, & Psilocybin

Drugs that Activate G-protein coupled receptors

Type of Non-addictive Drug Nicotine, Benzodiazepines, Alcohol, Ketamine & PCP, Inhalants

Drugs that Bind to Ionotropic receptors

Type of Non-addictive Drug Coccaine, Amphetamines, Ecstasy (MDMA)

Drugs that Bind to Transporters of Biogenic Amines

Type of Drug - Strong analgesics - Narcotic – “sleep inducing”

Opioids

Type of Drug Opiates – morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverine

Opioids

Opioid receptor subtype Supraspinal and spinal analgesia; sedation; inhibition of respiration; slowed gastrointestinal transit; modulation of hormone and neurotransmitter release

μ (mu)

Opioid receptor subtype Endorphins > enkephalins > dynorphins

μ (mu)

Opioid receptor subtype Supraspinal and spinal analgesia; modulation of hormone and neurotransmitter release

δ (delta)

Opioid receptor subtype Enkephalins > endorphins and dynorphins

δ (delta)

Opioid receptor subtype Supraspinal and spinal analgesia; psychotomimetic effects; slowed gastrointestinal transit

κ (kappa)

Opioid receptor subtype Dynorphins > > endorphins and enkephalins

κ (kappa)

Opioid receptor subtype Among the 3, the very important is the ____ receptor subtype that can cause inhibition of respiration

μ (mu)

Type of Drug - Papaver somniferum - powerful narcotic, painkiller principal active ingredient is MORPHINE

Opioids

Type of Drug Insomnia, hallucination, nightmares

Opioids

Type of Drug More pronounced eects than heroin

Opioids

Type of Drug Smack, H, ska, junk

Heroin

Type of Drug - An addictive drug as a white or brown powder - Tends to be used with other drugs

Heroin

Type of Drug - T1/2= 3-5 hrs, therefore several doses/ day - Withdrawal symptoms 5-10 hrs after

Heroin

Type of Drug - One of the componenrts of some cough syrups - synthesized from thebaine

Oxycodone

Type of Drug - derived from codeine - tablet or oral form - increasingly popular

Oxycodone

Type of Drug pethidine; Demerol

Meperidine

Type of Drug serious interaction with MAO’s

Meperidine

Type of Drug attempts to illicitly produce meperidine has resulted in MPTP which can cause parkinsonism

Meperidine

Opioid drug interactions (Drug Group) Increased central nervous system depression, particularly respiratory depression.

Sedative- hypnotics

Opioid drug interactions (Drug Group) Relative contraindication to all opioid analgesics because of the high incidence of hyperpyrexic coma; hypertension has also been reported.

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Opioid drug interactions (Drug Group) Increased sedation. Variable effects on respiratory depression. Accentuation of cardiovascular effects (antimuscarinic and α-blocking actions).

Antipsychotic agents

Type of Drugs Alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)

Sedative - hypnotics

Type of Drug - Can be short- to long- acting - The longer the duration the less the withdrawal

Sedative - hypnotics

Type of Drug Anxiety, tremors, twitches, vomiting

Sedative - hypnotics

Type of Drug Rare occurrence of physiologic dependence

Benzodiazepines

Type of Drug - “Therapeutic Dose Dependence” - weight loss, change in perception, paresthesia, headache

Benzodiazepines

Type of Drug - used for date rape - causes Anterograde amnesia

Flunitrazepam

Type of Drug - GABAa receptors - usually Short- acting drugs

Barbiturates

Type of Drug Secobarbital, pentobarbital Na

Barbiturates

Type of Drug Euphoria, Alcoholism, Affect GABAa and NMDA

Alcohol

Type of Drug Withdrawal : motor agitation, anxiety, insomnia, hallucination, abnormal vital signs, Seizures

Alcohol

Type of Drug - GABAb - Naturally found in body

Gamma Hydroxybutyric Acid

Type of Drug - Can be found in fermented drinks like guava (Psidium guajava) - Euphoric, sedative, anabolic

Gamma Hydroxybutyric Acid

Type of Drug Component of liquid ecstasy, soap, easy lay, vita-G

Gamma Hydroxybutyric Acid

Type of Drug Use with alcohol can produce breathing problems

Gamma Hydroxybutyric Acid

Type of Drug Withdrawal effects include insomnia, anxiety, tremors, sweating

Gamma Hydroxybutyric Acid

Treatment For Short acting and Long acting drugs

chlordiazepoxide or phenobarbital

Treatment For alcohol

disulfiram, naltrexone

Type of Drug Marijuana Cannabis sativa

Cannabinoids

Type of Drug (Cannabinoids) Tetrahydrocannabinol (is the one that is addictive), cannabinol and cannabidiol (already approved for ADHD, cerebral palsy etc.)

Marijuana

Type of Drug (Cannabinoids) - Cannabinoid receptors (CB1), separate receptor - Can be Smoked or joined with ingredients in making brownies or fermented products (beer)

Marijuana

Type of Drug (Cannabinoids) - Effects in 2-3 inhalations

Marijuana

Type of Drug (Cannabinoids) Antiemetic, Tolerance, uncertain eect on fetus, Amotivational syndrome, diseases related to smoking

Marijuana

Type of Drug (Cannabinoids) for chemotherapy patients

Nabilone

Type of Drug (Cannabinoids) used for MS (Multiple Sclerosis)

Nabiximol

Type of Drug Group Marijuana, Dronabinol, Nabilone, Nabiximol

Cannabinoids

Antidote/Medication to GABAb

Phenobarbital

Benzodiazepine toxicity/overdose can be reversed by

Flumazenil