Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Lab Medicine > UA and Wet Prep > Flashcards

UA and Wet Prep Flashcards

1
Q

Who should get a UA?

A
  • Anyone with urinary symptoms
  • Abdominal Pain
  • Vaginal Complaints
  • Back Pain
  • Fever
  • Dizziness
  • HTN
  • DM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Results of the UA will see?

A
  1. Macroanalysis (Gross Description)
  2. Chemical Analysis (Dipstick)
  3. Microanalysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Results from the Macroanalysis part of the UA

A
  • Color
  • Odor (rarely reported)
  • Turbidity (clear, cloudy, opaque, etc.)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Results from the Dipstick Test part of the UA

A
  • Glucose
  • Bilirubin
  • Urobilinogen
  • Ketones
  • Blood
  • Leukocytes
  • Nitirie
  • Protein
  • Specific Gravity
  • pH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Results of the Microanalysis part of the UA

A
  • Bacteria
  • WBC
  • RBC
  • Crystals
  • Casts (Hyaline, RBC, WBC)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What might an abnormality indicate if seen in:

Glucose of Dipstick Analysis

A

> 180 mg/dL = Positive

Indicated Elevated Blood Sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What might an abnormality indicate if seen in:

Bilirubin of Dipstick Analysis

A

Blue or Green Colored Urine

Intrahepatic Cholestasis (or other Liver/Bile Duct issue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What might an abnormality indicate if seen in:

Urobilinogen of Dipstick Analysis

A

By itself = Hemolytic Process

With Bilirubin = Cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What might an abnormality indicate if seen in:

Ketones of Dipstick Analysis

A

Indicates Abnormal Carbohydrate Metabolism

  • With Glucose = DKA (DM I)
  • Starvation/Dehydration
  • No Carb Diets
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What might an abnormality indicate if seen in:

Blood of Dipstick Analysis

A

Sensitive for Myoglobin, Hemoglobin, or RBC. Need Microanalysis for more information.

False Positive: Too much Vitamin C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What might an abnormality indicate if seen in:

Leukocytes of Dipstick Analysis

A

Indicates Pyuria (UTI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What might an abnormality indicate if seen in:

Nitrite of Dipstick Analysis

A

Indirect Indicator of UTI

** E. coli, Enterobacter, Proteus (common UTI pathogens) convert Nitrate to Nitrite.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What might an abnormality indicate if seen in:

Protein of Dipstick Analysis

A
  • Sometimes caused by Fever or Exercise
  • Tubular Dz
  • Diabetic Nephropathy
  • HTN Nephropathy
  • Glomerulonephritis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What might an abnormality indicate if seen in:

Bacteria of Microanalysis

A

UTI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What might an abnormality indicate if seen in:

WBC of Microanalysis

A

Pyuria (UTI)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What might an abnormality indicate if seen in:

RBC of Microanalysis

A
  • Might be present during Menses
  • Kidney Stone
  • UTI
  • Bladder Cancer

Ref to Uro?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What might an abnormality indicate if seen in:

Casts of Microanalysis

A

Benign

Commonly seen in patients who exercise a lot.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What might an abnormality indicate if seen in:

WBC Casts of Microanalysis

A

Pathomnemonic for Pyelonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What might an abnormality indicate if seen in:

RBC Casts of Microanalysis

A

Patho mnemonic for Glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When to order Microanalysis?

A

Positive Blood, Leuks, Nitrite, and/or Protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

If the patient is on _____, what will happen to the Dipstick Analysis? What should you do next?

A

Azo; Alter; Move straight to Microanalysis Results

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

More Alkaline Urine would indicate:

A
  • UTI
  • Drug Use
  • Resp or Metabolic Alkalosis
  • Vegetarians
23
Q

More Acidic Urine would indicate

24
Q

If the urine specific gravity is high, then what are you thinking?

A

Dehydration

25
If a kidney stone is less than _____ cm, then we expect it to pass on its own.
7
26
Benefit of the CT Scan for Kidney Stones
- Size of stone | - Hydronephrosis?
27
How do you treat a pt with Kidney Stones?
Treat Pain and Nausea!! - Toradol - Narcotics (Morphine, Dilaudid) - Fluids
28
If a CT Scan is completed and there is an obstructed Kidney Stone, what should we order/check?
Creatinine Levels to see how the Kidney is doing
29
When a geriatric patient comes in with acutely altered mental status with or without fever, what should you think?
UTI
30
How do you treat a geriatric patient with UTI?
- Nitrofurantin - Bactrim - Macrobid - Fluoroquinolones
31
Teenage patient presents with markedly elevated glucose and large ketones with acidic urine. What are you thinking?
DKA
32
What other Physical Exam Findings are present with DKA?
- Sweet Breath - Tachypnea (compensate for Metabolic Acidosis) - Rigid Abdomen - Vomiting
33
What other labs would be abnormal on a patient with DKA?
- Electrolytes (Inc. K+ and Dec. Na+) very abnormal | - HbA1C abnormal
34
How do you treat DKA?
1. IV Fluids (2L bolus) 2. IV Insulin **You may have to give K+ if it's excessively high extracellularly
35
Patient presents with CVA Tenderness, Suprapubic Tenderness and Shivering. Has a hx of single kidney removal and partial hysterectomy. UA Dipstick shows large blood, markedly elevated leuks. What are you thinking?
Pyelonephritis
36
Patient presents with CVA Tenderness, Suprapubic Tenderness and Shivering. Has a hx of single kidney removal and partial hysterectomy. UA Dipstick shows large blood, markedly elevated leuks. What else should be evaluated in this patient?
Creatinine levels, because we need to check the health of the single kidney remaining. We are thinking pyelonephritis, we cannot compromise this kidney.
37
This is the term for a slide prepared with normal saline and/or KOH to look for possible vaginal infection.
Wet Prep
38
Who needs to get a wet prep?
- Women with symptoms - Women that are preggo - Women that are found to incidentally have discharge or cervicitis on exam. - Women with recurring UTIs that are not responding to abx.
39
How to perform a Wet Prep?
1. Specimen is collected with a swab or spatula 2. Add normal saline and/or KOH 3. Evaluate slide under the microscope
40
What are you looking for in a wet prep?
- Candida/Yeast - Trichomonas - Bacterial Vaginosis - WBC - RBC
41
This is the term for an epithelial cell that is covered in bacteria.
Clue Cell
42
What makes a person susceptible to a vaginal yeast infection?
- DM - Immunosuppression - Recent Abx Use
43
Common Vaginal Yeast causing Infection
Candida Albicans
44
Clinical Presentation of Candida/Yeast Infections
- Vulvar Pain - Vaginal Pain - Swelling - Pruritus - Thick, white discharge (Cottage Cheese) - Vulvar Erythema - Edema - Excoriations?
45
How is a yeast (candida) infection best seen?
- Wet Prep with KOH | - Budding Yeast and Hyphae
46
Treatment of Candida/Yeast Infection
1. Topical Antifungals - - Myconazole - - Terconazole - - Clotrimazole 2. Oral Antifungals - - Fluconazole
47
This is a parasitic gynecological infection. It may also infect urethra and urinary bladder in both men and women. It is a common STD in the US.
Trichomonas
48
Clinical Presentation of Trichomonas
- Commonly asymptomatic - Green/Yellow, Foul, Thin Vaginal Discharge - Dysuria - Dyspareunia - Pruritus - Vulvar Erythema - Speculum - Thin, Malodorous Discharge of Green or Yellow Color - Strawberry Petichiae may be present alone the vaginal walls and on the cervix.
49
How is a trichomonas infection best seen?
- Normal Saline Preparation - Flagellated, Mobile Protozoa - Oval, Slightly Larger than a WBC *Best seen in less than 30 minutes from discharge collection
50
Treatment of Trichomonas
- Oral Metronidazole | - ? Metrogel Vaginal
51
This is an abnormal overgrowth of an anaerobic species within the vagina (Gardnerella, mycoplasma, etc.). It is also assc with a reduction of the normal vaginal flora (lactobacillus).
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV, Gardnerella)
52
Clinical Presentation of BV
- Malodorous Vaginal Discharge - Unremarkable External Exam - Speculum Exam may or may not reveal discharge
53
How is a BV infection best seen?
- Saline Prep most helpful in identifying "clue cells," which are reliable indicators of the presence of BV - Add KOH to get a positive "whiff test." May also test pH: >4.5 for BV (Normal pH: < 4.5)
54
Treatment of BV
- Oral Metronidazole - Topical Metronidazole - Topical Clindamycin

Lab Medicine (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions