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Diagnostic Medicine > UA/POC > Flashcards

UA/POC Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

components of UA

A

color, clarity, odor
testing pH, glucose, protein, blood, ketones, bilirubin, urobilinogen, specific gravity
cells, crystals, casts, bacteria, yeast

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2
Q

types of UA

A

midstream clean catch (routine)
catheterized (sterile)
24 hour (assess kidney function + protein)

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3
Q

“clean catch” for

A

suspected infections-
wipe front to back, side to side, new wipe to clean midline

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4
Q

dirty and clean

A

first sample w/o cleaning, second w/ cleaning

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5
Q

Cr range

A

.6-.2

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6
Q

AST/SGOT range

A

10-30

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7
Q

ALT/SPGT

A

10-40

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8
Q

Na

A

135-145

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9
Q

WBC

A

4.5-11x10^3

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10
Q

K

A

3.5-5.5

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11
Q

total bili

A

.2-1

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12
Q

HDL

A

> 45m, >55f

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13
Q

normal pH range

A

4.5-8

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14
Q

acidic urine can be seen in

A

starvation, dehydration, metabolic acidosis

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15
Q

alkaline urine can be seen in

A

UTIS

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16
Q

specific gravity measures

A

urine conc
1.005-1.030
low=kidney disease/overhydration
high=dehydration, glucose, protein

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17
Q

normal nitrite

A

negative

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18
Q

what are we testing for with nitrite

A

bacteuria, bacteria in urine

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19
Q

positive nitrite but negative leukocytes

A

look for STD

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20
Q

indicator for UTI

A

leukocyte esterase

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21
Q

negative result of leukocytes does NOT rule out significant

A

bacteriuria, esp end of day after many urinations
mild positive can be from improper technique

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22
Q

What can glucose in the urine indicate?

A

DM, stress, renal tubular dysfunction

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23
Q

what can protein in the urine indicate?

A

kidney disease

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24
Q

What can ketones in the urine indicate?

A

DKA, starvation, high protein diet
trace = 5
small = 15
moderate = 40
large = 80-160

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25
blood in urine can mean
hematuria (UTI, stones, trauma) or hemoglobinuria
26
bilirubin in urine means
liver dysfunction or bile duct obstruction
27
increased urobilinogen in urine means
liver disease, hemolysis, intestinal issues
28
what can more than >0-5 RBCs in urine mean?
hematuria, glomerulonephritis, trauma, stones
29
What can more than 0-5 WBCs in urine mean?
infections
30
what can epithelial cells in urine mean?
contamination or kidney injury
31
types of casts in urine
hyaline RBC WBC granular help diagnose glomerular or tubular disease!
32
RBC cast
glomerulonephritis, vasculitis
33
WBC cast
pyelonephritis, interstitial nephritis
34
granular cast
CKD, acute tubular necrosis
35
common crystals in urine
clacium oxalate (also kidney stones), uric acid (gout and dehydration), struvite (UTIs), cystine (cystineuria)
36
crystals can indicate
UTI
37
If a patient has a UTI, they will have
leukocyte esterase, nitrites, WBCs, bacteria
38
If a patient has DM, they will have
glucosuria, ketonuria
39
If a patient has CKD, they will have
proteinuria, casts, decreased specific gravity
40
If a patient has nephrotic syndrome, they will have
massive proteinuria, lipiduria, fatty casts
41
If a patient has suspected renal calculus
hematuria
42
false pos/neg can be from
improper collection, contamination, storage, or interference from medications, diet, or dyes often need other tests!
43
POC tests are
tests performed at/near site of patient care (no need for lab) - fast - bedside - easy - compact
44
PPM is
use of microscope by healthcare provider to examine patient specimens at POC
45
all patient specimens are considered
infectious
46
POC tests like
blood glucose rapid strep, flu, COVID pregnancy ABG hemoglobin A1C
47
PPM tests like
urinalysis wet mount for vaginal infections skin scrapings sputum smear peripheral blood smears
48
plain red top
no anticoags or preservatives. for serum chemistry and serology tests
49
red gold top
serum chemistry, has gel material that separate serum + clot
50
green top
contains heparin, used for plasma chemistry tests + chromosome analysis
51
lavendar top and pink top
contain potassium EDTA, used for hematological tests and CBC
52
blue top
contains sodium citrate for coagulation studies (drawn first)
53
yellow top
contains acid cirate dextrose ACD, for flow cytometry and HLA typing
54
when you test ascitic fluids, you are looking at
cell count differential protein amylase gram stain culture cytology
55
when you test CSF, you are looking at
cell count differential gram stain culture protein glucose LDH VRDL cytology
56
When you test pleural fluid, youre looking at
cell count, differential, protein, amylase, gram stain, culture, cytology
57
when you test synovial fluid, you analyze
cell count, differential, gram stain, culture, microscopic exam of crystals, cytology
58
when you test urine you look at
urinalysis, dipstick, microscopy, gram stain, culture, cytology
59
motile trichomonads, clue cells
bacterial vaginosis
60
budding yeasts mean
yeast infection!
61
needle-shaped, negatively birefringent urate crystals
gout
62
rhomboidal, positively birefringent calcium pyrophosphate crystals
pseudogout
63
fern test can detect
leakage of amniotic fluid during pregnancy - vaginal swab examine under microscope
64
pin work tape test
look for eggs or worms - oval, elongated, flattened, tiny, white, threadlike
65
patient presents with sore throat, fever, cervical LAD
test: strep, flu, COVID, mono
66
patient presents with dysuria
UA, yeast/BV eval, STD tests, glucoometer

Diagnostic Medicine (8 decks)

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