Ui/Ux (Prelims) pt2

Question 1

identifying _________ and _______ is a prerequisite to
understanding the problem
space.
Understanding the Problem Space

Answer 1

usability and UI
goals

Question 2

The process of articulating
the ______________ is
typically done as a team
effort – however, team
members will have differing
perspectives on the
_______________

Answer 2

problem space

Question 3

enabling the design
team to ask specific kinds of questions
about how the conceptual model will
be understood by the targeted users

Answer 3

Orientation

Question 4

allowing the
design team to establish a set of
common terms that all can
understand and agree upon.

Answer 4

Common Ground

Question 5

preventing the
design team from becoming narrowly
focused early on.

Answer 5

Open Mindedness

Question 6

benefits of conceptualizing the design space (3)

Answer 6

Orientation
Common Ground
Open-mindedness

Question 7

a high-level description of how a
system is organized and
operates

Answer 7

Conceptual Models

Johnson and Henderson (2002)

Question 8

provides a working
strategy and a
framework of general
concepts and their
interrelations.

Answer 8

conceptual model

Question 9

convey to people
how to understand what a product is for and how
to use it for an activity

Answer 9

Metaphors and analogies

Question 10

that people are exposed to
through the product, including the task-domain
objects they create and manipulate, their
attributes, and the operations that can be
performed on them

Answer 10

Concepts

Question 11

between those concepts
(e.g., whether one object contains another, the
relative importance of actions to others, and
whether an object is part of another

Answer 11

Relationship

Question 12

between the concepts and the
user experience the product is designed to
support or invoke

Answer 12

Mappings

Question 13

The core components of coceptual models:4

Answer 13

Mataphors and analogies
Concepts
Relationships
Mappings

Question 14

issuing
commands using keyboard and
function keys and selecting options
via menus

Answer 14

Giving instructions

Question 15

nteracting with
the system as if having a
conversation

Answer 15

Conversing

Question 16

acting on objects and interacting
with virtual objects

Answer 16

Manipulating / Navigating

Question 17

Continuous representation of objects
and actions of interest
Physical actions and buttons (GUI-
based) pressing instead of issuing
commands with complex syntax (CLI-
based)
Rapid reversible actions with immediate
feedback on object of interest

Answer 17

Direct manipulation

Question 18

finding out and learning
things

Answer 18

Exploring/Browsing

Question 19

to allow
flexibility in the way user is able to
search for information

Answer 19

Information is structured

Question 20

what are the things in Conceptual Models Based on activities

Answer 20

Giving instructions
Conversing
Manipulating / Navigating
Exploring / Browsing

Question 21

Usually based on an analogy
with something in the
physical world

Answer 21

Conceptual models
Based on Objects

Question 22

Direct manipulation is good for ‘doing’

Answer 22

types of
task

Question 23

Issuing instructions is good for

Answer 23

repetitive tasks

Question 24

Having a conversation is good for

Answer 24

children,
computer-phobic, disabled users and specialized
applications

Question 25

are often employed, where different ways of carrying out the same actions are supported at the interface -- but can take longer to learn

Answer 25

Hybrid conceptual models

Question 26

is an interface designed to be similar to a physical entity but also has its own properties

Answer 26

interface metaphor

Question 27

are considered to be a central component of a conceptual model.

Answer 27

Metaphors

Question 28

-- what the user is doing when interacting with a system

Answer 28

Interaction Mode

Question 29

-- the kind of interface used to support the mode

Answer 29

Interaction Style

Question 30

are another form of inspiration for conceptual models.

Answer 30

Paradigms

Question 31

adopting a set of practices that a community has agreed upon

Answer 31

Paradigm

Question 32

Norman (1993) distinguishes between two general modes which are:

Answer 32

experiential cognition reflective cognition

Question 33

Kahnerman (2011) describes them (experiential & reflective) in terms of

Answer 33

Fast and slow thinking

Question 34

A state of mind in which we perceive, act, and react to events around us intuitively and effortlessly.

Answer 34

Experiential Cognition

Question 35

requires reaching a certain level of expertise and engagement.

Answer 35

Experiential cognition

Question 36

what leads to new ideas and creativity

Answer 36

Reflective Cognition

Question 37

This is the process of selecting things to concentrate on, at a point in time, from the range of possibilities available

Answer 37

Attention

Question 38

waiting in the waiting area, waiting for your number or name to be called

Answer 38

Auditory attention:

Question 39

: scanning the basketball league results as they appear online via live feed

Answer 39

Visual attention

Question 40

kinds of attention

Answer 40

Auditory attention Visual Attention

Question 41

refers to how information is acquired from the environment via the different sense organs and transformed into experiences of objects, events, sounds, and tastes

Answer 41

Perception

Question 42

involving other cognitive processes such as memory, attention, and language

Answer 42

Perception is complex

Question 43

involves recalling various kinds of knowledge that allow us to act appropriately

Answer 43

Memory

Question 44

: it affects our memory

Answer 44

Context is important

Question 45

We recall things much better than being able to recognize things T or F

Answer 45

F We can recognize things better

Question 46

Many designers have been led to believe that this theory is a useful finding for interaction design

Answer 46

Seven plus minus Two

Question 47

Users develop an understanding of a system through learning and using it.

Answer 47

Mental Models

Question 48

Knowledge is often described as a

Answer 48

mental model

Question 49

as internal constructions of some aspect of the external world enabling predictions to be made

Answer 49

Mental models

Question 50

concerned with what are the cognitive benefits and what processes are involved

Answer 50

External representations

Question 51

to Reduce Memory Load

Answer 51

Externalizing

Question 52

When a tool is used in conjunction with an external representation to carry out a computation

Answer 52

Computational Offloading

Question 53

involves modifying existing representations through making marks

Answer 53

Annotation

Question 54

involves externally manipulating items into different orders or structures

Answer 54

Cognitive tracing

Question 55

Colour, icons, sounds, graphical elements and animations are used to make the "look and feel" of an interface appealing -- conveys an emotional state

Answer 55

Expressive Interfaces

Question 56

What did shneiderman say about error messages

Answer 56

Not to include: avoid using terms like FATAL, INVALID, BAD Audio warnings Avoid UPPERCASE and long code numbers Messages should be precise rather than vague Provide context-sensitive help

Question 57

who said argue that computers should be made to apologize

Answer 57

Reeves and Naas (1996)

Question 58

is attributing human-like qualities to inanimate objects

Answer 58

Anthropomorphism

Question 59

is shaping of an object or design in animal form

Answer 59

Zoomorphism

Question 60

Reeves and Naas (1996) found that computers that flatter and praise users in education software programs have

Answer 60

positive impact on them

Question 61

Provides a __________ that is welcoming, has personality, and makes user feel involved with them

Answer 61

persona

Question 62

- autonomous, with internal states and able to respond to external events

Answer 62

Synthetic Characters

Question 63

- often cartoon-like, play a collaborative role at the interface

Answer 63

Animated Agents

Question 64

- predefined personality and set of emotions that user can change

Answer 64

Emotional Agents

Question 65

- human-like body, uses gestures, non-verbal communication while talking

Answer 65

Embodied Conversational Agents

Question 66

What are the Virtual Characters agents

Answer 66

Synthetic characters Animated Agents Emotional Agents Embodied Conversational Agents

Question 67

refers to the extent to which users come to believe an agent's intentions and personality

Answer 67

Believability