Ultrasound Flashcards by Ryan Govier

What algorithm can be used for PE in pregnancy?

What percentage of pregnany women have raised D dimer

Years

It increaes D dimer cut off if there are symptoms of PE

60%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the discrimintory zone in pregnancy”

What are the importnat bloods in ?ectopic

serum BCHG level above which and IUP should be seen
1000-2000

if cant be seen then ectopic or missed abortion

B hcg and Resus status for ?anti d

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the surface landmarks for IJ insertion

sterno and claviculr heads of SCM
Clavicle
lateral to carotid artery
aim toward apex of triangle toward ipsalateal nipple at 30-45 degress

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

LP depths

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

torsion salvage times

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

history and exam features of pyloric stenosis

Treatment

History:
Under 12 weeks
projectile vomiting post food
hungry post food

Exam
Visible peristalsis
olive mass RUQ
dehydration signs
hypoglycamia

Treatment
Pyloromyotomy
correct sugar and elctrolytes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the alternatives to cholecystectomy

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)
Endoscopic Procedures (ERCP) - only for bile duct stones
Percutaneous Cholecystostomy - temporary fix
Palliation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

why does jaundice happen in cholecystitis

choledocholithiasis
oedema
Mirizzi

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

types of NOF

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is mcconnells sign on echo
why does it happen

in PE - akenesia of right free wall with movement at the apex

RV tethered to LV

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Wells criteria for DVT

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Alvarado score for appendicitis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

maximum local doses

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

echo anatomy - parasternal long

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

echo anatomy - parasternal short

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

echo - apical 4 chamber view

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

echo - subcostal view

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

process of serratus anterior nerve block

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the radiation risks of
CXR
CTPA
VQ

in pregnancy

CXR - 5 days background
CTPA - 14% risk to breast tissue, miminal to fetus
VQ - theoretical increased risk to fetus and less to breast tissue - stll low

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

US findings for DVT

non compressible veins
Loss of respiratory phasity
loss of colour doppler flow

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what does this show in DVT scan

no respiratory variation - loss pf phasity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

treatment for PE in pregnacy

SC clexane 1mg/kg BD
consult vascular, haem and O + G
Admit
MDT for perinatal anticoagualtion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Why would you do a renal US over CTKUB for ?renal colic

clear suspision of colic and not something else eg AAA
recent diagnosis with CT and represent

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How effective are NSAIDS in renal colic?

same efficacy as mrphine benefit if PR for vomiting and GI side effects

What is the FU for renal colic?

can stone for analysis see GP in 4 weeks if not passed usual safety ney

how big is normal CBD What can cause dilatation?

LEss than 6mm + 1 for each 10 years of life after 60 Dilatation: Chronic opioid use PRegnancy cholecystectomy Sphincter of oddi dysfunction

when does an ectopic need surgical management

peritonitic Live ectopic HCG over 5000 Near C section scar

advantages and disadvantages of using femoral line

advantages and disadvantages of using axillary or IJ

what is this and what do you do?

guidewide in vessel rotate to in plane to see if vessel punctured

in v out plane and the risks they mitigate

What is this?

rib and shred sign plus smal effusion

what is this

loculated consolidation - empyema

best probe for this? what is it? Where do you measure how do you know its not a cyst?

curvilnear AAA with thrombus measure outer wall to outer wall not cyst as its against veternral body

can you know for sure if AAA has ruptured using US?

no as may be retroperitoneal

AAA risk of rupture

what is this

endoluminal graft

what does this show on efast

fluid in RUQ

What is this?

barcode sign - between two ribs pneumothorax

what is this

shows lung pulse + barcode sign - hypoventilation eg tube in too far

lung pulse v lung point

lung pulse - from cardiac lung point - transition between lung sliding and none for pneumothorax

What view is this? What does this show in PE

parasternal short axis view dilated RV and condense LV Acute becuse non dilated wall

causes of leg swelling

DVT phlegmasia serulea dolens CCF cellulitis renal failure liver failure nephrotic syndrone

what is this

large clot with limited compressibility

best probe for lung US

curvilinear as can see deeper structures

surface anatomy for lung US

vein v artery on US

what is this?

APO as over 3 B lines

What are A and B lines on lung US

A lines - reverberation artefact from pleural line B - vertical hyperechoic suggesting increased lung density

what is this?

thick walled GB with hyperaemia Alcalculous cholecysitis

sonographic features of cholecystitis How do you know its chronic?

GB wall over 3mm sonographic murphys wall hyperaemia gall stones sludge pericholecystic stranding thick wall with no other signs

US features of pyloruc stenosis

pyloric thickness over 3mm diameter Canal length over 15mm

surgical and gastro causes of abdo pain in infant

gastro pyloric stenosis duodenal web intersuccseption pyloric stenosis bezoar GORD biliary atresia

risk factors for pyloric stenosis

male first born pre term young mother formula fed

US features of appendicitis

thick wall over 1.5cm dilatation free fluid increased vascularity

cuteneous supply to foot

label foot

Tom, Dick And Very Nervous Harry An extension of the above mnemonic to include the position of the neurovascular bundle in tarsal tunnel. Anterior to posterior T: tibialis posterior D: flexor digitorum longus A: artery (posterior tibial) V: vein (posterior tibial) N: nerve (tibial) H: flexor hallucis longus

anatomical landmarkds for foot block

Superficial peroneal - Many branches at the level of the ankle between the anterior border of the tibia to the superior aspect of the lateral malleolus saphenous - Runs in superficial fascia in between the medial malleolus and the tibialis anterior tendon which is prominent when the patient flexes the foot Sural - the injection site, located lateral to the Achilles tendon and posteromedial to the lateral malleolus, is marked

what is this

testicular torsion - no supply to one

Normal appearance Potential artefact False positive Efast

Normal appearance Potential artefact False positive Gallbladder

Normal appearance Potential artefact False positive Lung Cardiac

Normal appearance Potential artefact False positive AAA Renal

how can you tell a seratus anterior block is working

complications of serratus anterior block

label wrist

femoral nerve block label

causes of painless visual loss and differentiating assessment finding

causes of ankle pain with differentiating assessment

knee US - what is this

hyperechoic area suggestive of effusion

OA gout Septic arthitis Colour, WCC, crystals, bacteria

4 ways of reducing shoulder

Fares - patient supine or prone Move the limb anteriorly and posteriorly in small oscillating movements while continuing to apply traction Once the limb abducted to 90 degrees, externally rotate at the shoulder with ongoing traction and oscillating movements, continue to abduct Reduction usually achieved at 120