MCQ Flashcards
(149 cards)
1
Q
Define Specificity
A
Specificity is the fraction of patients without m the disease in question who have a negative test result
2
Q
what does acidosis do in cardiac arrest
A
promotes release of oxygen from haemoglobin
3
Q
does a hangmans fracture cause signficant spinal cord injury?
A
no - too wide at top
4
Q
percentage of population with personality disorders
A
5-10
5
Q
what causes cardiac endocardial plaque thickenings?
A
sarcoid
6
Q
mechanical complications of MI
A
- rupture of left ventricular free wall
- rupture of septum
- MR
7
Q
how do NSAIDS work
A
competitively block COX1 and COX2 with stops prostaglandin synthesis
COX 2 specific so less GI - celecoxib
8
Q
commonest organism in bacterial endo
A
s.aureus
9
Q
how is co2 mainly transported
A
bicarb
10
Q
how is ABO determined
A
red cell agglutinins
11
Q
function of ADH
A
vasoconstriction
water from collecting ducts
comes from post pit
12
Q
main controller of ECF
A
Na
13
Q
what does factor V do
A
cofactor to active thrombin
14
Q
what does protein S do
A
breaks down clots
15
Q
when do fatty streaks appear in aorta
A
1
16
Q
pattern of athersclerosis
A
aorta then carotid then coronary then femoral
17
Q
most common cause of pericarditis
A
post MI
18
Q
what do cardiac contraction bands indicate?
A
recent reperfusion
19
Q
percentage of dissections seen on CXR
A
50-60
20
Q
what can PE lead to 15% of the time
A
pulmonary infarctions
21
Q
when does irreversible cell injury begin in MI
A
30 mins
22
Q
anarsca sign
A
facial swelling
23
Q
death rate from hospital MI
A
12%
24
Q
erythema nodusm is a type of
A
panniculitis
25
mortality rate of TEN
over 20%
26
what cause Nikolsky sign
TEN
SJS
pemphigus
27
how soon before tesicualr mumps is parotid sx
4-7 days
28
most common cause of epidydimoorchitis over 40
e.coli
29
most common cause of testicualr loss in adolescent male
torsion
30
types of emphysema
centriacinar - spreads peripherally due to smoking
panacinar - uniform destroying mainly lower lungs - alpha antiotrypsin
paraseptal - ducts
31
types of NSCLC
adeno - peripheral
squamous - large airways and high Ca
large cell - large peripheral mass
32
common site of lung cancer spread
adrenals
33
hallmark of chronic bronchitis
large airway hypersecretion
34
TB histology
langhans giant cells
35
weight for over 8 years old
x 3
36
most common manifestation of child abuse
retinal haemorrhages
37
Jervell Lange-Nielsen syndrome
deafness and sudden death
38
vasa praevia
bleeding from fetus
39
leading cause of perinatal death
preterm labour
40
normal ECG change in preggo
T wave inversion v1, v2 and 3
41
most accurate confirmation of period
plasma progesterone in lutea
42
initial sx of acute fatty liver in preggo
nause and vom
43
half loaf
median
half lumbricals
opponens pollicis
abductor pollices brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
44
chest tube size in paeds traums
ET tube size x 4
45
leading cause of neonatal death worldwide
infections
46
percentage of rhesus positive caucasions
85
47
most common cause of death in HELLP
liver rupture or cerebral haemorrhage
48
most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in kids
minimal change
49
expected blood loss in ED delivery
no more than 500ml
50
when do you administer anti D
Dose
within 72 hours
250iu under 12 weeks
625 over 12 or multiple pregnancies
51
main risk factor for ectopics
tubal damage
52
what may mimic ectopic
corpus luteum rupture in early pregnancy
53
when does BP fall in pregnancy
second trimester
54
what is placental abruption
placenta separates from wall of uterus before birth - dark red blood
55
in what population is t2dm mosst common
non hispanic whites
56
what is the anion gap in HHS
less than 12
57
what does vomiting do to urine chlorite
low concentration causing met alkalosis
58
what does high glucose due to anion gap
net equal
59
what does lithiu do to anion gap
low
60
what is the most common kind of cushings
pit ACTH dependent
(high glucocorticoids)
61
what does bradykinin do
increased intersitial fluid and oedema
62
what does lithium and alcohol do to ADH
reduces it
63
examples of live vaccines
MMR
yellow
rota
small pox
chickenpox
64
most common cause of jaundice in kids
sepsis
65
Patent ductus arteriosis sign
collapsing pulse
66
most common childhood cancers
leukemias then CNS
67
how may leukemia present
CN palsy
68
most common cause of paeds death
trauma
cancer
69
where does epilgottis not go
subglottic
70
omphalocoele v gastroschisis
within peritoneum through umbilicus
gastroschisis is all outside and not via umbilicis
71
newborn conjunctivits
chlamydia
72
criteria for simple febrile convulsion
under 15 mins
once n 24 hours
fever
no neuro deficit post
73
triad for HSP
purpura
abdo pain
arthritis
74
where do you put padding for c spine in kids
under back
75
primary mechanism of heat loss
radiation
76
when do baby teeth become wobbly
6
77
risk factor for urethral prolapse in kids
black and has doughnut shaped mass
78
isopropanal OD
GI irration and ketosis but no acidosis
79
most common site for dog bites in kids
head and neck
80
key cell in OA
chondrocytes
81
what is a pannus
granulation tissue - common in RA
82
c spine fractures in hanging
less than 1%
83
thoractomy stab wound success
70%
84
blunt trauma and kids - most common damaged organ
spleen
85
most common cause of pneumonia in kids
agalactaie
86
what is used as a marker for organophosphate poisoning
red cell cholinesterase activity
87
best marker of liver function in liver disease
PT
88
haematemesis in mallory weiss and borhaeve
yes
no
89
smoking and IBD
protective for UC
90
chest compressions kid
15:2
single bystander no ALS
30:2
91
most common cause of liver failure
drugs
92
negative birefrigent crystals
gout
93
normal cxr in dissection
20%
94
important in back sutures
high slide to slide under low
95
what level causes death in blast
200psi
96
types of blast injury
Primary - direct effect of blast and affects air filled structures
secondary - projectiles
tertiary - wind eg being thrown against objects
quarternary - other eg burns asphyxia
97
how long to fix tendon injuries
4 weeks
98
when do you give mag in burns
systemic flurosis
99
what veterbral level do FB get stuck in kids
C6
100
what are ulcers with burns called and where do you find them
curling
proximal duodenal
101
metaphyseal corner of humerus
NAI
102
common site of rupture in boeharve
distal oesophagys
103
oleander poisoning
inhaled smoke
104
best indicator of gout
intracellular uric acid
105
tx for alcohol keto
key differnce to DKA
yes dextrose no insulin
Sugar
106
allergy to lidocaine. give
tetracaine
107
what correlates with confusion in DKA
os over 340
108
labs for insulinoma
high insulin and c peptide, low glucose
ratio over 0.25
109
head injury and sugar
DI - adh
110
infantile botulism
no fever
weak cry, poor feeding, gagging
111
chronic prostatitis
positive semen culture
112
treatment for isoniazid
pyroxidine
113
botulism paralysis
tick bite
descending flaccid paralysis
no sensory
Tick is opposite
114
rust coloured sputum
pneumoccocus
115
earliest sign of pulmoanry odema on XRAY
upper lobe diversion (cephalization)
116
ring sign
aortic dissection
117
how should you position haemoptysis
bleeding side down
118
most common organism for parapneumonic effusion
## Footnote
s
strep pneumonae
119
what is kussmauls sign
JVP rise on inspiration
120
what must be ruled out with PCP
TB
121
what are strep pneumonae?
treatment
gram pos diplococci
penicillin based
122
when should you get post xray pneumonia resolution
4 weeks
123
what type of bacteria is gram neg bacilli
capsule - klebisella
no capsule - pseudomonas
124
pneumonia and fever over 39 with patchy infiltrates
treatment
legionnaires
macrolides
125
treatment for mycoplasme pneumonia
## Footnote
m
macrolides
126
population with highest incidence of TB
foreigners
127
what is latent TB?
positive skin test with no symptoms
tx iso 9 months or rifamp 6
128
when do you get HAPO/HACE
3500m/11000ft
129
most common predisposing factor for PE
DVT
130
what is a bad prognosticator in asthma
wheeze
131
bad indicator of shock in kids
BP - can be normal
132
what is preserved in anterior spinal cord syndrome
proprioreception
133
what causes first heart sound
mitral and tricuspid
134
cardiac output aim sepsis
5l/min
135
pericardiocentesos amount to increase SV
5-10ml
20ml youre in RV
136
hep b interpretation
hbsag - carrier
igm antibc if high = high infectivity
igg antihbc - chronic
hbeag - ongoing infection
137
min dose atropine any age
0.1mg due to brady
138
target inr af
2-3
139
where does intersussception begin
age
ileocolic
3m-6yr
140
# p
ph normal saline
5.3
141
echymotic mask
chest blunt trauma
142
what kind of injury is jefferson fracture
compression
143
perthes disease most common in
boys 5-9
144
best treatment for septic hip
drainage
145
when do febrile seizures occur
6m-5y
146
DIC and dog bite
capno cani
147
lowest LLR for appendicitis
pain thigh extension
148
most common cause of 2 year old limp with no pain at rest
DDH
over 3 TS
149
MSM rectal bleed
Im cef and doxy - prostatitis
