understanding chemcial reactions Flashcards
(49 cards)
What is the concept of energy in terms of creation and destruction?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transferred from one form to another.
This principle is known as the conservation of energy.
What is a pH probe?
A device to measure pH digitally.
pH probes provide higher resolution and precision compared to traditional methods.
What are the advantages of a pH probe?
Higher resolution and more precise measurements.
This makes pH probes preferable for accurate scientific work.
What is the name of a reaction where an acid and alkali are reacted together?
Neutralisation.
This reaction typically produces salt and water.
What is produced when an acid and alkali react together?
Salt and water.
This is the outcome of neutralisation reactions.
What type of salts are made from hydrochloric acid?
Chlorides.
These are salts formed when hydrochloric acid reacts with bases.
What type of salts are made from nitric acid?
Nitrates.
Nitrates are formed from the neutralisation of nitric acid.
What type of salts are made from sulfuric acid?
Sulfates.
Sulfates result from reactions involving sulfuric acid.
What is formed when a metal oxide and acid react?
Salt and water.
This is a typical reaction outcome for metal oxides with acids.
What is formed when a metal carbonate and acid react?
Salt, water, and carbon dioxide.
The reaction of metal carbonates with acids releases carbon dioxide gas.
Outline the steps of acid rain formation.
Burning fuels produces carbon dioxide and/or sulfur dioxide and/or nitrous oxides. These dissolve in rain clouds.
This process leads to the formation of acid rain.
What human actions produce carbon dioxide?
Burning fossil fuels in cars and power stations.
These activities are significant sources of carbon dioxide emissions.
What human actions produce sulfur dioxide?
Burning coal that contains sulfur impurities.
This is a major contributor to sulfur dioxide emissions.
What human actions produce nitrous oxides?
The high temperatures in car engines cause nitrogen and oxygen in the air to react.
This reaction is a significant source of nitrous oxide emissions.
What is a thermal decomposition reaction?
One where heat is used to break down a compound
What are the products of thermal decomposition of a metal carbonate?
Metal oxide and carbon dioxide
How can we test for carbon dioxide?
Turns limewater cloudy
What is oxidation?
A reaction involving a substance gaining oxygen
Write a word equation with state symbols for the oxidation of magnesium
Magnesium (s) + oxygen (g) → magnesium oxide (s)
What is a metal displacement reaction?
A more reactive metal will take the place of a less reactive metal in a compound
How can you tell if a metal is more reactive than another?
It is higher in the reactivity series
What happens during an exothermic reaction?
Energy is transferred to the surroundings. They become hotter
What happens during an endothermic reaction?
Energy is taken in from the surroundings. The surroundings become colder
Does bond breaking need or release energy?
Bond breaking needs energy
