UNDERSTANDING THE SELF M1-M3 Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
• Know Thyself
• An unexamined life is not worth living
• The only good is knowledge and the only evil is ignorance
A
SOCRATES
2
Q
Said man is composed of Body and Soul:
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SOCRATES
3
Q
The ??? is immortal and perfect according to socrates
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SOUL
4
Q
- The ??? is impermanent and decays after a person’s death according to socrates
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BODY
5
Q
• Socrates’ most famous student and believes that the Soul has three parts
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PLATO
6
Q
Three parts of soul according to Plato
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REASON, SPIRIT , APPETITE
7
Q
part of the soul that true and good for the person according to plato
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REASON
8
Q
part of the soul seeks for honor and competitive values and governs a person’s emotions according to plato
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SPIRIT
9
Q
part of the soul accoding to plato that drawn to food, drinks, and sex
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APPETITE
10
Q
• Plato also asserts that the world has two characteristics, what are those?
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VISIBLE AND NON VISIBLE ASPECT
11
Q
• According to him the most important component of reality is accessible not to the sense but to the mind alone.
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PLATO
12
Q
• The father of Modern Philosophy, known philosophical statement is Cogito Ergo Sum “I think, therefore I am”.
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RENE DESCARTES
13
Q
Theory of descarte that one’s thoughts are a reflection of one’s beliefs, values, conditions, experiences, and development.
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CARTESIAN DUALISM THEORY
14
Q
asserts that there is a distinction between the mind and the body. To develop himself, man has to use his own mind and thinking abilities, which are independent from each other.
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RENE DESCARTES
15
Q
According to him all knowledge is derived from sense experience
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DAVID HUME
16
Q
According to him morality requires us to treat each person.
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IMMANUEL KANT
17
Q
Accrording to him people should be treated well with respect without manipulating just to achieve one’s goals.
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IMMANUEL KANT
18
Q
• He believed of the survival of consciousness after death.
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JOHN LOCKE
19
Q
From whom is the famous saying “Cogito Ergo Sum”?
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RENE DESCARTES
20
Q
Who believed the idea, “An unexamined life is not worth living”?
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SOCRATES
21
Q
Who suggested that moral goodness exists when the rational creatures acts from goodwill?
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IMMANUEL KANT
22
Q
Who highlighted the concept of personal Identity?
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JOHN LOCKE
23
Q
he attributed differences in suicide rates among people to social causes (religious differences) rather than to psychological causes (like their mental wellbeing) (Durkheim 1897).
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EMILE DURKHEIM
24
Q
created a theory of personality development based, in part, on the work of Freud. His theory includes eight stages of development,
A
ERIK ERIKSON
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Theory about personality changes from time to time from birth to death
PSHYCHOSOCIAL THEORY
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psychologist who specialized in child development who focused specifically on the role of social interactions in their development.
JEAN PIAGET
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He believed that personality and sexual development were
closely linked, and he divided the maturation process into psychosexual
stages: oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.
SIGMUND FREUD
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He asserted that people’s self
understanding is constructed, in part, by their perception of how others view them—a process termed “the looking glass self”
CHARLES COOLEY
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He studied the self, a person’s distinct identity that is developed through social interaction. In order to engage in this process of “self,” an individual has to be able to view him or herself through the eyes of others.
GEORGE HERBERT MEAD
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captured this idea in this concept of self-schema or our organized system or collection of knowledge about who we are.
CARL ROGERS
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Carl roger beieves that the self-concept has three differetn components. What are those?
SELF-IMAGE , SELF-ESTEEM, IDEAL SELF
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Self image and ideal self mismatch
INCONGRUENT
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According to him, personality is divided into the id, ego, and superego.
SIGMUND FREUD
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the selfish part of us which develop at birth, the raw unorganized part of personality, concerned with satisfying our personal desires and irrational impulses such as hunger, thirst aggression and sex and strove to constantly reduce .based on the pleasure principle.
ID
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serves as the balance between the demand of the ID and the realities of the outside world. It is the only region of the mind in contact with reality. It is governed by the reality principle.
EGO
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represents society’s, and, in particular, the parent’s values and standards. The superego places more restrictions on what we can and cannot do.
SUPER EGO
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Two components of superego
CONSCIENCE , EGO-IDEAL
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prevents a person form doing morally bad things
CONSCIENCE
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inspires a person to do what is morally proper
EGO - IDEAL
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This personality is optimistic tending to see the bright side of life. warm-hearted, cheerful and makes friends easily. Its body fluid is blood.
SANGUINE
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is easily depressed. He is moody, seldom smile and seems to see the dark side of life. The prominent body fluid is bile.
MELANCHOLIC
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is slow and calm in its behavior. He is cautious and deliberates carefully before taking an action. The body fluid is phlegm.
PHLEGMATIC
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This is a personality that is of the nervous type. They are easily provoked and behave aggressively when they fail to accomplish their goals. They prominent body fluid is the yellow bile.
CHOLERIC
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represent an unconscious mediation by the ego of id impulses which are in conflict with the wishes and needs of the ego and/or superego.
DEFENSE MECHANISM
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means finding reasonable explanations for unreasonable or unacceptable behavior to make them sound logical and acceptable or putting something into a different light or offering a different explanation for one’s perceptions or behaviors in the face of a changing reality.
RATIONALIZATION
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is done when a person refuses to accept the reality of fact, acting as if thought or feeling did not exist.
DENIAL
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is the unconscious blocking of unacceptable thoughts, feelings and impulses. In this mechanism, the ego involuntarily excludes from consciousness any painful thoughts, feelings, memories, or impulses.
REPRESSION
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means attributing one’s own undesired thoughts, feelings or impulses to another person who does not have those thoughts, feelings, or impulses.
PROJECTION
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refers to a denial and reversal of one’s feelings.
REACTION FORMATION
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is the channeling of unacceptable impulses, thoughts, and emotions into more acceptable ones.
SUBLIMATION
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is the channeling of energy away from one person or object to an alternative.
DISPLACEMENT
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"I" AND "ME" BY????
WILLIAM JAMES
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can be thought of as a separate object or individual a person refers to when describing their personal experiences.
ME
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the abstract sense of personal identity.
I
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Who introduces the development of personality according to psychosocial stages?
ERIK ERIKSON
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It is the self that we think we want to be and what we strive to be.
IDEAL SELF
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is the personality trait of seeking fulfillment from sources outside the self or in community. High scorers tend to be very social while low scorers prefer to work on their projects alone.
EXTROVERSION
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reflects much individuals adjust their behavior to suit others. High scorers are typically polite and like people. Low scorers tend to 'tell it like it is'.
AGREEABLENESS
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is the personality trait of being honest and hardworking. High scorers tend to follow rules and prefer clean homes. Low scorers may be messy and cheat others
CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
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the personality trait of being emotional.
NEUROTICISM
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is the personality trait of seeking new experience and intellectual pursuits. High scores may day dream a lot. Low scorers may be very down to earth.
OPENNESS TO EXPERIENCE
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is stage of development at which individuals become sexually mature.
PUBERTY
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describe areas of the body that are highly sensitive to stimuli and are often (but not always) sexually exciting.
EROGENOUS ZONES
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two types of erogenous zones exist in the skin
NONSPECIFIC TYPE AND SPECIFIC TYPE
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It is similar to any other portion of the usual haired skin. The nerves supplying it are composed of the usual density of dermal-nerve networks and hair-follicle networks.
NONSPECIFIC TYPE
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Examples of this type of skin are the sides and back of the neck, the axilla (armpit, underarm) and the sides of the thorax (chest).
NONSPECIFIC TYPE
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It is found in the mucocutaneous regions of the body or those regions made both of mucous membrane and of cutaneous skin.
SPECIFIC TYPE
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These specific sites of acute sensation are the genital regions, including the prepuce, penis, the female external genitalia (vulva), the perianal skin, lips, and nipples.
SPECIFIC TYPE
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is the retractable fold of skin covering the tips of the penis. Nontechnical name: foreskin. It is also a similar fold of covering the tip of the clitoris (Collins English Dictionary).
PREPUCE
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is a male erectile organ of copulation by which urine and semen are discharged from the body (Splendorio & Reichel, 2014).
PENIS
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A female sexual organ that is small, sensitive, and located in front of the opening of the vagina.
CLITORIS
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are larger outer folds of the vulva.
LABIA MAJORA
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also known as the inner labia, inner lips, vaginal lips or nymphae are two flaps of skin on either side of the human vaginal opening in the vulva situated between the labia majora
LABIA MINORA
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is the opening that leads to the vaginal canal.
VAGINAL INTROITUS
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is a membrane that surrounds or partially covers the external vaginal opening.
HYMEN
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refers to the area of the body surrounding the anus, and in particular, the skin. very sensitive. It is susceptible to injury and damage.
PERIANAL SKIN
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are soft, movable, and serve as the opening for food intake and in the articulation of sound and speech.
LIPS
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are the raised region of tissue on the surface of the breast.
NIPPLES
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is the most important part of the brain for sexual functioning.
HYPOTHALAMUS
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It is known as the “love hormone” and believed to be involved in your desire to maintain close relationships. It is released during sexual intercourse when orgasm is achieved.
OXYTOCIN
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It is responsible for ovulation in females. The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in Durham, N.C., discovered that sexual activity was more frequent during a woman’s fertile time.
FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE(FSH)
82
is crucial in regulating the testes in men and ovaries in women. In men, It stimulates the testes to produce testosterone. In males, testosterone appears to be a major contributing factor to sexual motivation.
LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH)
83
is involved in the male arousal phase. The increase of vasopressin during erectile response is believed to be directly associated with increased motivation to engage in sexual behavior.
VASOPRESSIN
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typically regulate motivation to engage in sexual behavior for females,
ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE
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This stage is marked by physical attraction. You want to seduce and be seduced by your object of affection
LUST (erotic passion)
86
At this stage, you begin to crave for your partner’s presence. You feel excitement and energetic as you fantasize about the things you could do together as a couple. Three chemicals trigger this feeling: norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin.
ATTRACTION (romantic passion)
87
responsible for the extra surge of energy and triggers increased heart rate, loss of appetite, as well as the desire to sleep. Your body is in a more alert state and is for action.
NEROPINEPHRINE
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associated with motivated and goal-oriented behavior. It makes you pursue you object of affection. It creates a sense of novelty, where the person seems exciting, special, or unique that you want to tell the world about him or her admirable qualities.
DOPAMINE
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thought to cause obsessive thinking. Low levels of this are said to be present in people with obsessivecompulsive behavior (OCD).
SEROTONIN
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is typically viewed as an interest in sexual objects or activities.
SEXUAL DESIRE
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motivation to seek sexual activity or sexual gratification.
SEX DRIVE
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is a person’s emotional and erotic attraction toward another individual.
SEXUAL ORIENTATION
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These are females who are exclusively attracted to women.
LESBIAN
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This can refer to males who are exclusively attracted to any other males. It can refer to anyone who is attracted to his or her same gender.
GAY
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someone who is sexually/romantically attracted to both men and women.
BISEXUAL
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is an umbrella term for people who do not identify with the gender assigned to them at birth.
TRANSGENDER
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people who are born with a mix of male and female biological traits that can make it hard for doctors to assign them a male or female sex;
INTERSEX
98
person who is not interested in or does not desire sexual activity.
ASEXUAL
99
is a label – male or female – that you’re assigned by a doctor at birth based on the genitals you’re born with and the
SEX
