Unit 1 Flashcards

Question

Homeostasis

Answer 1

Maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though outside world is always changing Internal ( fluid around cells) Set point - the average in a normal range Normal range

Answer 2

Receptor - is a type of sensor the monitors the environment and detects changes in variables Stimuli- when the condition of a variable changes Control center- normally the brain, responsible for determining the set point and appropriate course of action Effectors provide the means to correct the deviation Afferent pathway - receptor to the control center Efferent - control center to effected Essentially all organs and tissues in the body apart of control systems

Answer 3

Negative feedback Variable is changed in a way that brings it back to the set point Opposite stimulus and response

Answer 4

Result of loop causes the variable to move farther away from the normal range and set point Same Sometimes causes by negative loops malfunctioning or going to far Mostly bad sometimes good Ex birth contractions blood clots sneezing throwing up etc Often stoped by a breaking point

Answer 5

Matter is anything that occupies space Mass is the amount of matter something contains

Answer 6

Element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler elements 92 naturally occurring H C N O make up 96 % of our body weight Symbol ie C = carbon

Answer 7

Simplest particle of an element that maintains its characteristics Protons am 1 found in nucleus +1 charge Change causes change in element Neutrons am 1 found in nucleus 0 charge change may cause isotope Electrons am practically none they are found in orbitals (areas of space) that surround the nucleus Atomic number = the number of protons and number of electrons Atomic mass = protons + neutrons Also an average of the mass of isoptopes

Answer 8

2:8:8 Requires energy to move further away from the nucleus Each orbital can hold 2 electrons Shells are a collection of one or more orbitals All electrons in the same shell have the same amount of energy Light is released when electrons go down orbitals

Answer 9

Molecules Two or more atoms held together by the sharing of electrons (Ionic bonds technically are not molecules but are sometimes referred to as molecules) Compounds have 2 or or more different elements bond together by sharing electrons Compounds are molecules Molecules are not always compounds

Answer 10

Kidnapping bond An ion is one half of an ionic compound Cation + Anion - ( A Negative ion) The opposite charges create attraction that pulls the two together! Make crystalline structures

Answer 11

Share electrons Intimate relationships Non polar = equal sharing C-h and any element bonded to itself Can make double covalent bonds or triple covelant bonds Polar = not equal sharing creating both +- poles Charge is still 0

Answer 12

Interaction between 2 molecules contains polar covalent bonds. Is intermolecular force” attraction between two molecules” Weak bond

Answer 13

H20 Held together to form polar covalent bonds. And can participate in hydrogen bonding Max 4 hydrogen bonds (ice) Can form hydrogen bonds with itself and other substances Energy is required to break bond Energy is released when new bonds form Liquid about 3.4 bonds Gas 0 bonds

Answer 14

Water has a very high heat capacity (lots of energy is required to heat it up) one Calorie (1000 little calories) 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius and visa verse one taken away to lower one degree Heat of vaporization It requires a relatively large amount of energy to make it turn from a solid to a liquid state The energy is taken with the new gas leaving it cooler where it used to be ( how sweating works)

Answer 15

Adhesión is the ability for water to stick to or make hydrogen bonds with other polar substances Cohesion is the sticking together of water molecules. Lubricant allows for two structures to slide past each other easily

Answer 16

Solvent is the liquid Water Solute is what goes into solvent Water solvent = aqueous solution Hydrophobic - does not dissolve Hydrophilic- does dissolve Ionic bond disassociate into electro lights Polar Covalent bonds - dissolve but no dissociate Non polar don’t dissolve or dissociate

Answer 17

1g/100ml =1% 100ml or 1 dl (deciliter or 1/10 of a liter

Answer 18

Mole : simpflies large numbers 6.02*10^23 1 Mole= molecular mass (in grams) Molecules Molarity = m/l Molecular más over 1 liter equals a 1 molar solution

Answer 19

Particle Parts (including those dissociated) times the molarity = the osmolarity

Answer 20

Acid = molecule that donate h+ Base = molecules the absorb h+ and released oh- The more h+ the Lower the ph the more acidic The lower the h+ the higher the ph and is more basic Strong acid completely separates (arrow points one direction) Weak acid only partially separates and has doble direction arrows Ph = negative logrithm of h+ concentration Neutral = 7 Acid is < 7 Base > 7 10fold change in h+ Buffer = weak acid and conjugate base that resists change in ph

Answer 21

7.34 -7.45 slightly basic Not enough h+ = alkalosis To much h+ = acidosis Life range is 6.8 to 7.8 H2O + CO2 = H2CO3(carbonic acid)= h+ + hco3-(bicarbonate ion)

Answer 22

To many simple sugars lead to rapid rise and drop of blood sugar and can lead to develop fat in the blood stream (higher LDL levels) Simple sugars Can lead to obesity and diabetes Complex carbs are good High fructose corn syrup is the devil It’s very bad 55% fructose 45% glucose Build up of viceral fat and certain triglycerides2 Lactose intolerance - caused by the lack of the lactase protein which deminshes if dairy and milk is no longer present in the diet (bacteria in the Large intestine eat lactose causing gas, it is also pulls water into the intestine Symptoms include abnormal bloating gas diahreha abdominal cramps and nausea About 75% of adults experience some degree of lactose intolerance

Answer 23

Not polar ( hydrophobic) Fats oils waxes cholesterol cell membranes some pigments and vitamins Fats norm are solid room temp Oils are norm liq at room temp Ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is considerably bigger 18h for every o in the common triglyceride

Answer 24

90% of dietary and human body fat in adipose tissue Cushions and insulates the body (adipose tissue) Energy storage One glycerol back bone and three fatty acid chains Fatty acid = carboxyl group + hydrocarbon chains Carboxyl group is acidic Glycerol always the same fatty acid chains can change Saturated = no doble bonds and solid at room temp high increase HDl increase LDL (animal fats)😕 Unsaturated = one or more doble bonds (generally cis) create bend in the fatty acid which make in liquid at room temp (olive oil, coconut oil) increase HDL lower LDL 😀 Trans fats = trans bonds that make doble bonds straight and are solid at room temp. Horrible for you like the worst 😩Cisco margarine created through hydronation (illegal in the us) Low HDL and increase LDL also its unnatural

Answer 25

``` Have a phosphate group head Glycerol back bone and 2 fatty acids Amphipathic The head is lipophobic / hydrophilic The tail is lipophilic / hydrophobic ``` Create structure Ex cell membrane and micells (sphere of phospholipids( used for transport)

Answer 26

4 hydrocarbon rings Nonpolar Cholesterol (most abundant ) helps build and maintain our cell walls. Synthesis bile Used to synthesis of steroid hormones We can make it and it’s also found in animal products. Cholesterol and along tans and saturated fats buil up deposits on walls of blood vessels which can lead to atherosclerosis Notable steroids include testosterone estrogen progesterone cortisol

Answer 27

Transport fat and other nonpolar substances in the blood street Phospholipids and have apoproteins to form a sphere On the inside they carry steroids and triglycerides Bring fats to and from the liver and cells (tissues) HDl: aka good cholesterol 😀 has a higher density of apoproteins and lower density of phospholipids; they take fat that is sitting in the blood stream back to the liver (we have less of these) LDL: bad cholesterol 😡have higher phospholipids and lower protein amounts Also takes fat from the liver to tissues but leaves fat deposits in the blood which can cause heart diseases strokes heart attacks atherosclerosis

Answer 28

Speed up reaction Lowers energy of activation Not used up or consumed Very specific Named after reaction substances Shape governs function Sensitive to ph and temp May need Coenzyme (organic ie vitamins Cofactors in organic ie minerals like zinc or iron

Unit 1 Flashcards

(52 cards)