unit 1

Question 1

empiricism

Answer 1

the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore rely on observation and experimentation

Question 2

structuralism

Answer 2

early school of though promoted by wundt and Titchener, used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind

Question 3

functionalism

Answer 3

school of thought provided by james and influenced by darwin, explored how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish

Question 4

experimental psychology

Answer 4

the study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method

Question 5

behaviorism

Answer 5

study of observable behavior
-John B watson & B.F. Skinner were behavior psychologists
-This study was only about physical behavior

Question 6

humanistic psychology

Answer 6

humanism of studying how we meet our needs
-study led by carl rogers & abraham maslow

Question 7

cognitive neuroscience

Answer 7

the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, & language)

Question 8

psychology

Answer 8

the science of behavior & mental processes

Question 9

nature-nurture issue

Answer 9

concerned with the relative contribution that both influences make to human behavior, such as personality, cognitive traits, temperament & psychopathology

Question 10

natural selection

Answer 10

the principle, among range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

Question 11

levels of analysis

Answer 11

LOA are biological, cognitive and sociocultural. These are various ways of observation in psychology

Question 12

biopsychosocial approach

Answer 12

considers biological, psychological & social factors and their complex interactions in understanding health, illness and health care delivery

Question 13

behavioral psychology

Answer 13

the scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by principles of learning

Question 14

biological psychology

Answer 14

studying the links between biological & psychological

Question 15

cognitive psychology

Answer 15

study of all mental activities (thinking, knowing, remembering)

Question 16

evolutionary psychology

Answer 16

the study of the evolution of behavior & mind using principles of natural selection

Question 17

psychodynamic psychology

Answer 17

a branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders.

Question 18

socio-cultural psychology

Answer 18

the study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking

Question 19

psychometrics

Answer 19

scientific study of the measurement or human abilities and traits

Question 20

basic research

Answer 20

explores questions that you may be curious about, but not intended to be immediately used.
-Aims to explain, predict and describe behavior

Question 21

developmental psychology

Answer 21

studying our growth and span

Question 22

educational psychology

Answer 22

study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning

Question 23

personality psychology

Answer 23

investigating our persistent traits

Question 24

social psychology

Answer 24

exploring how we view and affect one another

Question 25

applied research

Answer 25

aims to address and answer real world problems -ex. research on therapies for drug addicts

Question 26

industrial-organizational psychology

Answer 26

the application of psychological concepts & methods to optimizing human behavior to work places

Question 27

human factors psychology

Answer 27

an psychology subfield that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use.

Question 28

counseling psychology

Answer 28

help people cope with challenges

Question 29

clinical psychology

Answer 29

a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

Question 30

psychiatry

Answer 30

a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy

Question 31

positive psychology

Answer 31

the scientific study of human functioning with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities thrive.

Question 32

community psychology

Answer 32

a branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups

Question 33

testing effect

Answer 33

enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading information

Question 34

SQ3R

Answer 34

a study method incorporating five steps: survey, question, read, retrieve, and review

Question 35

wilhelm wundt

Answer 35

father of experimental psychology and founder of the first psychology laboratory

Question 36

G. Stanley Hall

Answer 36

Founder of american psychological association and was its first president

Question 37

William James

Answer 37

First educator to offer a psychology class in the US

Question 38

Mary Whiton Calkins

Answer 38

Psychologist and philosopher who introduced self psychology field

Question 39

Margaret Floy Washburn

Answer 39

first woman to earn a doctoral degree in american psychology

Question 40

sigmund freud

Answer 40

founder of psychoanalysis

Question 41

john B watson

Answer 41

popularized the scientific theory of behaviorism

Question 42

b.f. skinner

Answer 42

developed the theory of operant conditioning

Question 43

carl rogers

Answer 43

one of the founders of humanistic psychology -developed person/client centered approach to psychotherapy -developed concept of unconditional positive regard

Question 44

jeon piaget

Answer 44

theory of cognitive development

Question 45

charles darwin

Answer 45

evolutionary psychology -natural selection to mind -all living species arrived at their current biological form through a historical process involving random inheritable changes

Question 46

dorothea dix

Answer 46

founding expansion of more than 3 hospitals for the treatment of the mentally ill