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Ap psych > unit 1 > Flashcards

unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

empiricism

A

the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore rely on observation and experimentation

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2
Q

structuralism

A

early school of though promoted by wundt and Titchener, used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind

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3
Q

functionalism

A

school of thought provided by james and influenced by darwin, explored how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish

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4
Q

experimental psychology

A

the study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method

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5
Q

behaviorism

A

study of observable behavior
-John B watson & B.F. Skinner were behavior psychologists
-This study was only about physical behavior

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6
Q

humanistic psychology

A

humanism of studying how we meet our needs
-study led by carl rogers & abraham maslow

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7
Q

cognitive neuroscience

A

the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, & language)

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8
Q

psychology

A

the science of behavior & mental processes

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9
Q

nature-nurture issue

A

concerned with the relative contribution that both influences make to human behavior, such as personality, cognitive traits, temperament & psychopathology

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10
Q

natural selection

A

the principle, among range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

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11
Q

levels of analysis

A

LOA are biological, cognitive and sociocultural. These are various ways of observation in psychology

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12
Q

biopsychosocial approach

A

considers biological, psychological & social factors and their complex interactions in understanding health, illness and health care delivery

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13
Q

behavioral psychology

A

the scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by principles of learning

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14
Q

biological psychology

A

studying the links between biological & psychological

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15
Q

cognitive psychology

A

study of all mental activities (thinking, knowing, remembering)

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16
Q

evolutionary psychology

A

the study of the evolution of behavior & mind using principles of natural selection

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17
Q

psychodynamic psychology

A

a branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders.

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18
Q

socio-cultural psychology

A

the study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking

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19
Q

psychometrics

A

scientific study of the measurement or human abilities and traits

20
Q

basic research

A

explores questions that you may be curious about, but not intended to be immediately used.
-Aims to explain, predict and describe behavior

21
Q

developmental psychology

A

studying our growth and span

22
Q

educational psychology

A

study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning

23
Q

personality psychology

A

investigating our persistent traits

24
Q

social psychology

A

exploring how we view and affect one another

25
Q

applied research

A

aims to address and answer real world problems
-ex. research on therapies for drug addicts

26
Q

industrial-organizational psychology

A

the application of psychological concepts & methods to optimizing human behavior to work places

27
Q

human factors psychology

A

an psychology subfield that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use.

28
Q

counseling psychology

A

help people cope with challenges

29
Q

clinical psychology

A

a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

30
Q

psychiatry

A

a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy

31
Q

positive psychology

A

the scientific study of human functioning with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities thrive.

32
Q

community psychology

A

a branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups

33
Q

testing effect

A

enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading information

34
Q

SQ3R

A

a study method incorporating five steps: survey, question, read, retrieve, and review

35
Q

wilhelm wundt

A

father of experimental psychology and founder of the first psychology laboratory

36
Q

G. Stanley Hall

A

Founder of american psychological association and was its first president

37
Q

William James

A

First educator to offer a psychology class in the US

38
Q

Mary Whiton Calkins

A

Psychologist and philosopher who introduced self psychology field

39
Q

Margaret Floy Washburn

A

first woman to earn a doctoral degree in american psychology

40
Q

sigmund freud

A

founder of psychoanalysis

41
Q

john B watson

A

popularized the scientific theory of behaviorism

42
Q

b.f. skinner

A

developed the theory of operant conditioning

43
Q

carl rogers

A

one of the founders of humanistic psychology
-developed person/client centered approach to psychotherapy
-developed concept of unconditional positive regard

44
Q

jeon piaget

A

theory of cognitive development

45
Q

charles darwin

A

evolutionary psychology
-natural selection to mind
-all living species arrived at their current biological form through a historical process involving random inheritable changes

46
Q

dorothea dix

A

founding expansion of more than 3 hospitals for the treatment of the mentally ill

Ap psych (14 decks)

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