Unit 1 Flashcards
How many bones are there and what are the 4 classifications
The adult human skeleton usually consists of 206 bones. There are four classifications of bones—long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones.
What are joints and what are the 3 categories
where two bones come together. Joints are divided into three categories based on their range of movement: immovable, slightly movable, and freely movable.
What is cartilage
tough but flexible tissue that covers the ends of the bones of freely movable joints and protects bones by preventing them from rubbing against each other.
What is a ligament
a connective tissue that binds one bone to another. It usually helps hold structures together and allows for side-to-side stability.
What are tendons
a connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone. A tendon aids in the movement of the bone or structure.
What are the 3 types of muscles in the body and what do they do
Striated muscle is also known as skeletal muscle. It moves all bones and controls facial expressions and eye movements.
Smooth muscle, or visceral muscle, lines the walls of the internal organs, such as the intestines.
Cardiac muscle is a unique type of muscle. It is a combination of both striated and smooth muscle. Only the heart has cardiac muscle.
What are the functions of the nervous sytem
the major controlling, regulatory, and communicating system in the body. Specific functions of the nervous system include receiving sensory input, sending signals to the brain, regulating homeostasis, and communicating throughout the body for movement.
What is homeostasis
a state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly
What are the 2 major divisions of the nervous system and what do they do
Central Nervous System (CNS)- nerves inside the brains and spinal cord that send signals to other parts of the body
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)- all nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord but relay messages between the CNS and other parts of the body
What are nerves
specialized cells that carry nerve impulses from one part of the body to another. Together with the CNS and PNS, they make up the nervous system.
What is the respiratory system made up of
Lungs - which exchange gases oxygen and carbon dioxide while breathing
Respiratory Passages - divided into the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract.
What is the function of the respiratory system
works with the cardiovascular system to provide oxygen to the cells and to remove the waste products (e.g., carbon dioxide).
What are the 2 respiratory tracts and what do they consist of
The upper respiratory tract includes the nose, pharynx (throat), and larynx (voice box).
The lower respiratory tract consists of the trachea (windpipe), bronchial tree, and lungs
What is the process of breathing in the respiratory system
oxygen is delivered from the air through the respiratory passages into the air sacks in the lungs. The oxygen moves into the blood in the capillaries. In exchange, carbon dioxide moves from the blood to the air sacks and through the respiratory passages and is then expelled through the mouth or nose.
What is the heart for and what are the 4 chambers
to transport a constant supply of nutrients and oxygen to body cells.
four chambers: two upper chambers called atria and two lower chambers called ventricles.
What do arteries and veins do
Arteries carry blood away from the heart to the body tissues. Veins carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart.
What is the aorta
the largest of all arteries that the heart uses to pump blood out of
What is the role of the digestive system
to process food into molecules that can be absorbed and utilized by the cells of the body. Food is broken down until the molecules are small enough to be absorbed and the waste products are eliminated.
What are the 4 functions of the digestive system
ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination.
What do the salivary glands do
located in the mouth, moisten and lubricate food and begin the breakdown of carbohydrates.
What does the liver do
metabolizes macronutrients (e.g., carbohydrates, proteins, fats), produces bile, and detoxifies the body.
What does the gallbladder do
stores the bile, a yellow-green fluid, which helps digest and absorb fats.
What does the pancreas do
secretes enzymes and hormones (such as insulin) that help with digestion and the use of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
What does the urinary system
balances the fluids in your body by stimulating thirst and producing, storing, and eliminating urine
What is a ureter
connected to each kidney where urine flows out of the kidneys through into the urinary bladder
What is the bladders
the temporary holding reservoir for urine.
What is the urethra
where urine flows out of and expelled from the body. On a female, it is between 1 and 2 inches long. In a male, it is about eight inches long.
What do the kidneys do
filter out waste products (urea, uric acid) from the bloodstream and remove these waste products in the form of urine so that the waste does not become harmful to the body. The kidney also reabsorbs fluids and other substances back into the bloodstream so the body does not lose too much water and essential salts.
What does the immune system (lymphatic system) do
produces, stores, and carries white blood cells (leukocytes) around the body. The job of these white blood cells is to find and destroy bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, and substances that appear foreign and harmful.
What is an antigen
a substance on the surface of foreign invaders. there’s a different antigen for every cold or every flower. When an antigen is recognized, the body activates an inflammatory response and produce antibodies that bind to the antigen, destroying it.
