Unit 1

Question 1

A general, unifying explanation of observations

Answer 1

hypothesis

Question 2

What telescope would be used when biologists wish to study the VERY small internal organelles in cells

Answer 2

transmission electronic microscope

Question 3

What telescope would be used when biologists wish to see just the cell membrane & possibly the nucleus in a cell

Answer 3

light microscope

Question 4

How do you calculate the total magnification of an image in a telescope

Answer 4

objective power x ocular power

Question 5

What is the magnification of the ocular in a telescope

Answer 5

10

Question 6

Is course adjustment used when viewing a specimen under high power

Answer 6

no

Question 7

What advantage does light microscopy have over electron microscopy

Answer 7

light microscopy allows one to view processes in living cells

Question 7

this telescope can only view dead or nonliving specimens, shoot a stream of electrons at the specimen, magnify more than a another type of microscope & are more expensive

Answer 7

electron microscope

Question 7

The process by which an individual keeps internal conditions within tolerable ranges

Answer 7

homeostasis

Question 7

How are magnification and resolution related

Answer 7

they are inversely related (as the magnification increases, the resolution decreases)

Question 7

How many cells are all living things composed of

Answer 7

1 or more cells

Question 7

How do asexual and sexual reproduction transmit genetic information

Answer 7

from one generation to the next

Question 7

The characteristics of life

Answer 7

Organization, Energy & Metabolism to Maintain Homeostasis, Growth & Development, Adaptation, Response to stimuli, Movement, Reproduction

Question 8

Are hydrogen bonds the weakest type of bond

Answer 8

yes

Question 9

What does the movement of water in plants against gravity require

Answer 9

adhesion and cohesion

Question 10

The binding of “like” molecules

Answer 10

cohesion

Question 11

Why does ice float to allow fish to swim below it

Answer 11

water is less dense when it freezes

Question 12

What allows some insects to “walk on water”

Answer 12

Surface tension caused by cohesion

Question 13

What would be the solute of Kool Aid

Answer 13

the sugar

Question 14

What would be the solvent of Kool Aid

Answer 14

the water

Question 15

What would be the solution of Kool Aid

Answer 15

the Kool Aid mixed together

Question 16

Substances that reduce surface tension

Answer 16

surfactants (make water “wetter”) (example: soap)

Question 17

has no nucleus, has nucleoid regions, has ribosomes (no organelles), has a cell membrane and sometimes a cell wall; example: bacteria cells

Answer 17

prokaryotic cell

Question 18

has a nucleus, has organelles, has a cell membrane and can have cell wall; examples; animal cells, plant cells, fungi cells, and protist cells

Answer 18

eukaryotic cell

Question 19

it absorbs water and the cell can grow

Answer 19

vacuole

Question 20

What are mitochondria and chloroplasts similar to

Answer 20

free-living bacteria

Question 21

Double Layer that surrounds the Cell Membrane

Answer 21

cell wall

Question 22

Long slender structure used for motility

Answer 22

flagella

Question 23

Contains the cell’s DNA & controls the cell’s activity

Answer 23

nucleus

Question 24

Makes ribosomes

Answer 24

nucleolus

Question 25

Site of Protein Synthesis

Answer 25

ribosomes

Question 26

synthesize lipids

Answer 26

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 27

Site of Cellular Respiration that makes ATP

Answer 27

mitochondria

Question 28

Modifies, sorts & packages proteins & lipids

Answer 28

golgi complex

Question 29

Contains digestive enzymes

Answer 29

lysosomes

Question 30

Collect waste, debris & toxins

Answer 30

vacuole

Question 31

Capture energy for Photosynthesis

Answer 31

chloroplasts

Question 32

Framework of proteins filaments that support & organize cells

Answer 32

cytoskeleton

Question 33

What is a key problem that very large cells face

Answer 33

it has too much volume for its surface area, causing it to run short on food and waste would build up

Question 34

the membrane in a cell that is fluid and semi-permeable

Answer 34

plasma membrane

Question 35

Can a spontaneous reaction occur without the input of energy

Answer 35

yes

Question 36

The measure of disorder or randomness

Answer 36

entropy

Question 37

What does the first law of thermodynamics state

Answer 37

that energy can't be created or destroyed

Question 38

How does ATP power cellular processes

Answer 38

by breaking off a phosphate

Question 39

How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions

Answer 39

by lowering activation energy; they are specific to their substrate and are not used up

Question 40

A protein that binds to a substance outside the cell to trigger a change

Answer 40

receptor protein

Question 41

A protein that tags a cell as belonging to “self”

Answer 41

recognition protein

Question 42

A protein that helps cells stick together

Answer 42

adhesion protein

Question 43

A protein that speeds up a chemical reaction

Answer 43

enzyme

Question 44

A protein that assists ions & molecules across the membrane

Answer 44

transport protein

Question 45

What is the optimum pH of pepsin

Answer 45

3 or 4 which is acidic

Question 46

What is the optimum pH of salivary amylase

Answer 46

7 which is neutral

Question 47

What is a cell membrane also known as

Answer 47

phospholipid bilayer

Question 48

A passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration that occurs until equilibrium is reached without using energy

Answer 48

diffusion

Question 49

A type of Passive Transport that moves water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without using cellular energy

Answer 49

osmosis

Question 50

When there is more solute inside the cell than outside

Answer 50

hypotonic

Question 51

When there is more solute outside the cell than inside

Answer 51

hypertonic

Question 52

When there is equal amounts of solute both inside & outside

Answer 52

isotonic

Question 53

What does a paramecium have that helps with osmoregulation (pumps out the water that is flowing in)

Answer 53

contractile vacuole

Question 54

3 types of active transport that require energy from ATP

Answer 54

endocytosis, exocytosis, and pumps

Question 55

A type of Active Transport that takes material into cells

Answer 55

endocytosis such as pinocytosis (takes in liquids) and phagocytosis (takes in solids)

Question 56

Organisms that make their own food

Answer 56

autotrophs

Question 57

How are wavelength and energy related

Answer 57

inversely related (as the wavelength increases, the amount of energy decreases)

Question 58

Why do we see green when we look at a plant

Answer 58

because the the green light is reflected by chlorophyll

Question 59

What determines the timing of leaf color changes in the fall

Answer 59

the length of night (dark)

Question 60

What pigments are hidden in the summer months until the chlorophyll is destroyed in the fall

Answer 60

carotenoids and anthocyanins

Question 61

What process(es) do animal cells go through: Photosynthesis/Cellular Respiration

Answer 61

cellular respiration

Question 62

What process(es) do plant cells go through: Photosynthesis/Cellular Respiration

Answer 62

photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Question 63

reaction that requires oxygen

Answer 63

aerobic reaction

Question 64

reaction that doesn't require oxygen

Answer 64

anaerobic reaction

Question 65

Does glycolysis use oxygen and where does it occur

Answer 65

anaerobic; cytoplasm

Question 66

Does Kreb's Cycle use oxygen and where does it occur

Answer 66

aerobic; mitochondria

Question 67

Does the Electron Support Train use oxygen and where does it occur

Answer 67

aerobic; mitochondria

Question 68

Which cellular respiration process makes the most ATP

Answer 68

electron support train

Question 69

releases oxygen, uses energy to drive dark reactions, creates glucose, and happens in the chloroplasts

Answer 69

photosynthesis

Question 70

consumes oxygen, generates energy (ATP), uses glucose, happens in the mitochondria

Answer 70

cellular respiration

Question 71

Chemical Equation for photosynthesis

Answer 71

6 carbon dioxide + 12 water + light energy --> 1 glucose + 6 oxygen

Question 72

Chemical Equation for cellular respiration

Answer 72

1 glucose + 6 oxygen --> 6 carbon dioxide + 6 water + ATP