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AP Human > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Geography?

A

The study of where things are found on Earth and why they are there.

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2
Q

What is a Map?

A

A 2-D representation of Earth’s surface.

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3
Q

Physical Maps

A

Show physical features of land.

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4
Q

Political Maps

A

Show boundaries.

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5
Q

Isoline Maps

A

Reflect patterns and relationships.

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6
Q

Choropleth Maps

A

Shaded to display average values of data.

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7
Q

Cartograms

A

Show geographic size proportional to the data being applied.

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8
Q

Dot Maps

A

Used to display densities and concentrations.

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9
Q

Maps are…

A

Thematic.

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10
Q

What is Cartography?

A

The science of making maps.

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11
Q

What is Map Scale?

A

The relationship between the size of an object or length on a map and its physical size in real life.

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12
Q

Ratio/Fraction Scale

A

Shows the ratio between distances on a map, and their real distances on Earth

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13
Q

Written Scale

A

Describes the relationship between distances on the map and those on Earth

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14
Q

Graphic Scale

A

Most often showing a bar line marked based on distances on Earth’s surface.

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15
Q

What is Projection?

A

The method of transferring locations on Earth’s surface to a flat map

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16
Q

What is Distortion?

A

Any misshapen or inaccurate representation of a map, whether by an area’s shape, the distance between points, an altering of relative size, or the direction between points.

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17
Q

Mercator Projection

A

Shows distortion of size and shape near the poles.

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18
Q

Robinson Projection

A

Most likely used, shows a very low degree of distortion.

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19
Q

Goode Homolosine Projection

A

Shows the true size of shape and land, but distorts distances.

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20
Q

Large Scale vs. Small Scale

A

Small area with large detail / Large area with little detail

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21
Q

What is the Geographic Grid?

A

A system of imaginary arcs drawn in a grid pattern on Earth’s surface.

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22
Q

What are meridians?

A

Arcs drawn between the north and south poles, numbered according to longitude.

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23
Q

What are parallels?

A

Arcs drawn parallel to the equator at right angles to meridians, numbered according to latitude.

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24
Q

Standard for Telling Time?

A

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)

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25
180º Longitude
International Date Line
26
What is Remote Sensing?
Acquisition of data about Earth’s surface from satellite or other long-distance methods.
27
What is GIS?
A computer system that captures, stores, queries, analyzes, and displays geographic data.
28
What is GPS?
A system that accurately determines the precise location of something on Earth.
29
What is a Place?
A specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular characteristic.
30
What is a Location?
The position that something occupies on Earth’s surface.
31
What is a Toponym?
The name given to a place on Earth.
32
What is a Site?
The physical character of a place.
33
What is a Situation?
The location of a place relative to other places.
34
What is the Cultural Landscape?
The combination of physical, economic, and cultural features.
35
What is a Region?
An area distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features.
36
Formal/Uniform Region
An area in which everyone shares one or more distinctive characteristics.
37
Functional/Nodal Region
An area organized around a node or focal point.
38
Vernacular/Perceptual Region
An area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity.
39
What is Culture?
The body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social norms that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people.
40
What is Scale?
The relationship between a specific portion of Earth being studied and the Earth altogether.
41
What is Economic Globalization?
Ex. Transnational Corporations
42
What is Cultural Globalization?
Increasingly uniform cultural preferences create a global landscape, rather than regional, and include a sense of familiarity.
43
What is Space?
The physical gap or interval between two objects.
44
What is Distribution?
The arrangement of a feature in space.
45
What is Density?
The frequency with which something occurs in space.
46
What is Concentration?
The extent of a feature’s spread over space.
47
What are Patterns?
The geometric arrangement of objects in space.
48
What is Cultural Identity in a Space?
Patterns in a space vary according to many factors such as gender, ethnicity, etc.
49
What is Behavioral Geography?
Attempts to understand the psychological basis for individual human actions.
50
What is Humanistic Geography?
Emphasizes the different ways that we perceive our environment.
51
What is Poststructuralist Geography?
Emphasizes the need to understand multiple perspectives regarding space.
52
What is a Hearth?
The location from which an innovation originates.
53
What is Diffusion?
The process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another over time.
54
What is Relocation Diffusion?
The spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another.
55
What is Expansion Diffusion?
The spread of a feature from one place to another in an additive process.
56
What is Hierarchical Diffusion?
Spread of an idea from people or nodes of authority to other people or places.
57
What is Contagious Diffusion?
The rapid diffusion of a characteristic throughout a population.
58
What is Stimulus Diffusion?
Spread of an underlying principle even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse.
59
What is Spatial Interaction?
The further away someone is from you, the less likely you are going to interact.
60
What is Distance Decay?
Diminished contact with increased distance.
61
What is a Resource?
A substance in the environment that is useful to people.
62
What are Renewable Resources?
Resources produced in nature faster than it is consumed by people.
63
What are Nonrenewable Resources?
Resources produced in nature slower than it is consumed by people.
64
What is Sustainability?
The use of Earth’s resources in ways that ensure resources are available in the future.
65
What is Conservation?
The sustainable use of natural resources to meet human needs.
66
What is Preservation?
The maintenance of resources in their present condition with as little human impact as possible.
67
What are Earth's 4 Physical Systems?
Biosphere (Life), Hydrosphere (Water), Atmosphere (Air), Lithosphere (Dirt and soil)
68
What is Environmental Determinism?
The belief that the physical environment causes social development.
69
What is Possibilism?
The belief that the physical environment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to their environment.
70
What is an example of sustainable and unsustainable environmental modification?
Sustainable - The Netherlands Unsustainable - South Florida

AP Human (6 decks)

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