Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AP Human > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

(64 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is Demography?

A

The scientific study of population characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why Study Population?

A
  • There are over 8 billion people living on Earth today
  • The Earth’s population grew more between 1950 and 2000 than it did at any other point in history
  • Almost all growth is happening in LDCs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How much of the Earth’s population is clustered in 4 main regions?

A

2/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 4 main population clusters?

A
  • East Asia
  • South Asia
  • Europe
  • Southeast Asia
  • Possible 5th in North America
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Carrying Capacity?

A

The ability of the land to sustain a certain number of people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Overpopulation?

A

The lack of resources to meet the needs of the population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an Ecumene?

A

An area of permanent human settlement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Areas considered too harsh to live in:

A
  • Wetlands
  • Dry Lands
  • High Lands
  • Cold Lands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Arithmetic Density?

A

Total number of objects in an area (Total number of people divided by the total land area)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Physiological Density?

A

Number of people supported by a unit of arable (farmable) land

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Agricultural Density?

A

Ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a good example of underpopulation?

A

US Great Plains (Good conditions to support a population, but sparsely populated due to agriculture)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the Crude Birth Rate?

A

The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Crude Death Rate?

A

The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the Natural Increase Rate?

A

The percentage by which a population grows in a year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Doubling Time?

A

The number of years needed to double a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the Total Fertility Rate?

A

Average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the Infant Mortality Rate?

A

Annual number of deaths of infants under one year of age, compared with total live births (Deaths per 1,000)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Life Expectancy?

A

Average number of years an infant can expect to live at current mortality levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Population Increase Factors:

A
  • Medical Advances
  • Quantity and Quality of Food
  • Ethnic and Religious Issues
  • Economic Issues
  • Gender Issues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Population Decrease Factors:

A
  • Natural Hazards and Disasters
  • War or Political Turmoil
  • Economic Issues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is Demographic Transition?

A

A process of change in a society’s population from high crude birth rate and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and higher total population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Characteristics of Demographic Transition:

A
  • 5 Stages
  • Irreversible
  • Every country is in a stage
  • Doesn’t take migration into account
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Stage 1:

A

Hunting and Gathering Societies (High CDR and CBR, Low Population)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Stage 2:
Agricultural Societies (High CBR, Low CDR, Increasing Population)
25
Stage 3:
Industrial Societies (Low CDR, Decreasing CBR, Stabilizing Population)
26
Stage 4:
Tertiary Societies (Low CDR and CBR, High Population)
27
Stage 5:
Declining Population (Low CBR, Increasing CDR, High But Decreasing Population)
28
What is a Population Pyramid?
Shows the percentage of the total population in five-year age groups (cohorts), youngest at the bottom, oldest at the top
29
What is the Dependency Ratio?
Number of people too young or old to work (dependents), compared to the number of people in their productive years (47% in Europe, 85% in Sub-Saharan Africa)
30
What is the Sex Ratio?
Number of males per 100 females (Higher in Asia, lower in Europe), LDCs vs. MDCs
31
What do Population Pyramids do?
Tells us a story about the past, present, and future of a population
32
What is Epidemiology?
The study of the incidence, distribution, and control, of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locality
33
Stage 1 of ETM:
Pestilence and Famine (Natural Checks, High CDR)
34
Stage 2 of ETM:
Receding Pandemics (Rapidly Declining CDR)
35
Stage 3 of ETM:
Degenerative Diseases (Moderately Declining CDR)
36
Stage 4 of ETM:
Delayed Degenerative Diseases (Low But Increasing CDR)
37
Stage 5 of ETM:
Evolution, Poverty, and Connections
38
What is a Pandemic?
Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a high proportion of the population
39
What is Migration?
The movement of people
40
What is an Immigrant?
People who move INTO a country or region
41
What is Immigration?
The influx of people to a region or location
42
What is an Emigrant?
People who LEAVE a country or region
43
What is Emigration?
The outflow of people from a place or region
44
What is Net Migration?
Number of immigrants minus the number of emigrants
45
What is a Pull Factor?
A positive perception about a location that induces a person to move there
46
What is a Push Factor?
A negative perception about a location that induces a person to move away from that location
47
Three Types of Push/Pull Factors:
- Economic (#1 Reason People Move) - Political (War or Political Conflict) - Environmental (Usually Voluntary Migration)
48
What is a Refugee?
People who are forced to flee their homeland to seek some type of asylum in another country
49
What are Forced Migrants?
People who are literally forced from their homes for either political or environmental reasons
50
Why are Crude Birth Rates Decreasing?
- Education and Health - Contraception
51
What was Malthus' View on Overpopulation?
Malthus claimed that while resources grow arithmetically (increasing by one unit over a period), the population is growing geometrically (increasing by double over each period), so the total population would surpass resource production.
52
Why do Neo-Malthusians support his original theory?
- Malthus’ theory failed to predict the rapid population growth of less developed countries, resulting in a wider gap between resources and population than even Malthus could have imagined. - Malthus’ theory only focused on the availability of food, meanwhile population is outpacing many other resources, including water and energy.
52
Why do Malthus' critics reject his theory?
- Malthus’ theory is pessimistic because it believes the world’s resources are fixed rather than expanding. - Critics disagree with Malthus’ assessment that population growth is a problem. A larger population can lead to more economic growth, leading to more food production. There would also be a larger demand for goods, which leads to more jobs
53
What is Migration Transition?
A change in the migration pattern in a society that results from industrialization, population growth, and other social and economic changes that also produce the demographic transition
54
What are the Three Main Migration Patterns?
- From Asia to Europe - From Asia to North America - From Latin America to North America
55
What is Internal Migration?
The permanent move within the same country
56
What is Interregional Migration?
Movement from one region of a country to another
57
What is Intraregional Migration?
Movement within one region of a country
58
What was the Trail of Tears?
The forced migration of tens of thousands of American Indians to the Indian Territory, in what is now Oklahoma
59
What is Counter-Urbanization?
The movement of people from urban areas to rural ones
60
What is an Intervening Obstacle?
A political or environmental barrier that hinders migration
61
What are Quota Laws?
Laws that limit how many people can immigrate to the U.S. in one year
62
What are Unauthorized/Illegal Immigrants?
Anyone who enters the country illegally and is without proper documentation

AP Human (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions