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AP Psychology > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

Psychology (85 cards)

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1
Q

Amygdala

A

Limbic system
Responsible for processing emotion-fear, anxiety
Located in the temporal lobe

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2
Q

Hippocampus

A

Limbic system
Memory is a major function
Located in the temporal lobe

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3
Q

Thalamus

A

Limbic system
Responsible for processing senses expect smell

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4
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Limbic system
Coordinates and communicates with the pituitary gland to release hormones

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5
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Endocrine system
Limbic system
Regulates hormones

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6
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Bridge between the right and left hemispheres;
Severing is a treatment for epilepsy

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7
Q

Left hemisphere

A

Sensory and motor of the right side of the body;
Speech, language and comprehension;
Analysis and calculations;
Time and sequencing;
Recognition of letters, numbers, and words

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8
Q

Cortext specialization

A

Division of functions between the right and left brain hemispheres

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9
Q

Broca’s area

A

Frontal lobe
Controls speech and muscle movement

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10
Q

FMRI

A

Brain scan that examines the function of the brain by measuring blood flow; scans have color.

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11
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

Temporal lobe
Plays a key role in languge

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12
Q

Right hemisphere

A

Sensory and motor of the left side of the body;
Creativity;
Spatial ability;
Context and perception;
Recognition of faces, places, and objects.

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13
Q

Reticular activating system (Reticular Formation)

A

Network of nerve fibers in the brain stem that help to control autonomic functions

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14
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Behind forehead
Involved in executive functions like planning and decision making

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15
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Peripheral nervous system
responsible for involuntary functions such as breathing, digestion, and coughing.

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16
Q

Cerebellum

A

Part of the brain that coordinates muscle movement; helps with balance and depth perception.

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17
Q

Temporal lobes

A

Above the ear
Responsible for functions including language comprehension (Wernicke’s area) and processing auditory information

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18
Q

Reflex arc

A

Neural pathway that bypasses sending messages to the brain so motor neurons can take emergency action
ex: touching a hot stove

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19
Q

EEG

A

Brain test that measures the electrical activity in the brain.

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20
Q

Brain plasticity

A

Brain’s ability to change, adapt, and rebuild neuro connections

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21
Q

Medulla

A

Brain stem
Manages autonomic functions;
Crossover point for nerves which creates contralateral hemispheric organization

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22
Q

Sympathetic Nervous system

A

Part of autonomic nervous system that controls the body’s ability to respond to stimuli; Pupils dilatate, increase heartrate, digestion SLOWS, bladder relaxes.

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23
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Part of the autonomic nervous system that allows the body to relax, conserve energy, calm down, pupils constrict, heartrate slow, digestion is stimulated, bladder contracts

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24
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Controls voluntary movement

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25
Glial cells
Cells that provide structure and insulations in the brain
26
Acetylcholine (ACH)
Neurotransmitter associated with memory, muscle action; Malfunctions are linked to alzheimers
27
Myasthenia Gravis
Neurological condition where antibodies attack acetylcholine receptors causing disruption in neurotransmission
28
Neurons
Cells that transmit messages throughout the body to the brain.
29
Dopamine
Neurotransmitter associated with muscle movement; Undersupply Schizophrenia; attention and emotions; Oversupply Parkinson's
30
Adrenaline
Hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that help cope stressful situations; flight or fight response
31
Oxytocin
Hormone produced by the hypothalamus; Plays an important role in sexual arousal, romantic attachment, trust and parent-infant bonding
32
Substance P
Neurotransmitter responsible for sending pain messages, regulating mood and inflammation; oversupply linked to anxiety disorder
33
GABA
Inhibitory neurotransmitters; natural tranquillizer that helps you calm down (Turkey gooble, gooble)
34
Melatonin
Hormone produced by the pineal gland; associated with the sleep-wake cycle
35
Reuptake
Reabsorption of unused neurotransmitters by the sending neurons
36
Agonist
Increase neural action
37
antagonist
decreases neural activity
38
Heredity
Genetic transfer of characteristics from parents to offspring.
39
Environmental factor
Refers to the external factors (nongenetic) For example life experinces
40
Eugenics
based on evolution theory that seeks to predicate genetic defects and improve genetic make up in society.
41
Nature
Inherited traits
42
Nurture
Learned traits
43
Cell body
Cell's life support center
44
Dendrites
Receives messages from other cells
45
Axon
Passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, and glands
46
Myelin sheath
covers axons and speeds neural impulses
47
Axon terminal
form connections with other neurons
48
Neural impuleses
electrical signal traveling down the axon
49
Synapse
space between two neurons
50
Example of a stimulant
caffeine and cocaine
51
Example of a depprasant
alcohol
52
Example of a hallucinogen
Marijana
53
Example of an opiod
Heroin
54
Partial lobe
processes and organizes info behind the frontal lobe
55
MRI
Procedure that uses radio waves and magnets to make a map of the brain.
56
Lessioning
Deliberate destruction of brain tissue
57
N1
You fall to sleep; everything slows and relaxes Hypnogenic sensations-vivid imagery hallucinations feeling of floating or falling Lasts 1-5 minutes
58
N2
Light sleep Heartrate and respiration decrease; body temps drop memories are formed sleep talking can happen 25 minutes
59
N3
deep sleep body fully relaxes; tissue repair and growth, cell regen, immune system strengthens 20-40 minutes
60
REM
90 minutes after N1 dreams stage body is paralyzed- brain stem blocks communication between cerebral cortex and motor neurons.
61
REM rebound
increase in frequency, depth and duration of REM as a response to sleep deprivation, stress, drug withdrawal.
62
Activation synthesis theory
Dreams are our minds trying to make sense.
63
Consolidation theory
Sleep is necessary to the memory making process. During REM brain integrates into existing memories to strengthen memory
64
Sleep apnea
Breathing to stop and start while sleeping
65
Night terrors
Screaming, crying, intense fear not fully aware
66
Nightmares
Negative feeling as anxiety of fear that awakens you is remembered
67
REM sleep behavior disorder
Physically act out often violent sounds or arm and leg movements.
68
Insomnia
hard to sleep or stay asleep
69
Narcolepsy
Makes people drowsy during the day
70
Threshold for sight
30 miles
71
Threshold for sound
20 feet
72
Threshold for smell
1 drop in three rooms
73
Threshold for taste
1 tsp in a gallon of water
74
Threshold for touch
feel the fly wing on your check
75
Webers law
amount of change needed to produce a constant feeling.
76
Trichromatic theory
three colored cones (red, blue, green) work together so we can see the entire spectrum.
77
Cones (eye)
allows us to see color
78
rods (eye)
detect shapes and movement
79
Fovea (eye)
helps focus light
80
Cornea
outer transparent layer bends light toward center of the eye
81
iris
Colored part of the eye controls size of the pulpils
82
pupil
black part of the eye controls how much light passes
83
lens
focus incoming light to the retina
84
retina
where transduction occurs
85
Audition
Biological process by which our ears process sound waves.

AP Psychology (4 decks)

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