Unit 4

Question 1

Attribution Theory

Answer 1

Explains behavior and mental processes of people

Question 2

Dispostional attribution

Answer 2

Behavior is driven by internal characteristics

Question 3

Situational attribution

Answer 3

Behavior is a result of an outside source

Question 4

Explanatory style

Answer 4

Tendency to interpret good and bad events in your own life.

Question 5

Optimistic explanatory style

Answer 5

Attributing negative events to external causes and postive events to internal causes.

Question 6

Pessimistic Explanatory style

Answer 6

Attributing negative events to internal causes and positive events to external causes.

Question 7

Actor observer bias

Answer 7

Having dispositional explanations to others behavior and situational to our own.

Question 8

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 8

Others behaviors are caused by internal explanations

Question 9

Self serving bias

Answer 9

See ourselves in a positive light

Question 10

Mere-exposure effect

Answer 10

more we’re exposed to a certain stimulus, the more favorable our attitude is towards it.

Question 11

Cognitive load

Answer 11

amount of effort it takes to process information

Question 12

Implicit attitudes

Answer 12

Unconscious evaluation of our biases towards others and objects.

Question 13

Just world Phenomenon

Answer 13

See the world as fair and believe people get what they deserve based on their actions.

Question 14

In group bias

Answer 14

Reserving positive feelings only for member of the group.

Question 15

Out group bias

Answer 15

people dislike people that aren’t part of their group.

Question 16

Ethnocentrism

Answer 16

Judging other cultures based on values and characteristics of one’s own culture.

Question 17

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 17

Mental discomfort that occurs when actions and attitudes are in conflict with each other

Question 18

Social influence theory

Answer 18

people adjust behaviors to meet the social environment they’re in.

Question 19

Central route (persuasion)

Answer 19

Uses reason and logic, this is typically stronger and changes attitudes longer

Question 20

Peripheral route (persuasion)

Answer 20

relies on emotion and superficial factors, usually temporary

Question 21

Halo effect

Answer 21

Judgement based solely off a specific trait.

Question 22

Bystander effect

Answer 22

people will watch someone in distress if others are watching.

Question 23

Altruism

Answer 23

selfless behavior out of concern for other’s well being

Question 24

social norms of reciprocity

Answer 24

Individuals are more likely to help those who’ve helped them in the past.

Question 25

Psychodynamic theory of personality

Answer 25

Assumes unconscious forces determine behavior and influence personality

Question 26

Consciousness

Answer 26

Sense of reality and immediate awareness (smallest part of our mind)

Question 27

Preconscious

Answer 27

Ability to bring conscious thoughts to our awareness

Question 28

Unconsciousness

Answer 28

Thoughts and desires beyond our award awareness (largest part of the mind)

Question 29

Sublimation

Answer 29

Occurs when a person channels an unacceptable urge into something of value with social value

Question 30

Reaction-formation

Answer 30

Transforming unacceptable urges into its opposite to defend against anxiety producing thoughts or impulses

Question 31

Psychodynamic theory of perspective

Answer 31

Looks at the impact of childhood events on your mind and behavior.

Question 32

Projective tests

Answer 32

Personality assessments intended to uncover feelings. (Ink splatters)

Question 33

Humanistic theory

Answer 33

Emphasizes the inherent goodness of people and their ability to grow.

Question 34

Unconditional regard

Answer 34

nonjudgmental acceptance of ourselves and other regardless of behavior.

Question 35

Social cognitive theory

Answer 35

How people learn behaviors through observations and social interactions.

Question 36

Reciprocal determination

Answer 36

Person, environment, and behavior interact to determine patterns of behavior.

Question 37

Self concept

Answer 37

way one views themself in relation to others

Question 38

Self-Efficacy

Answer 38

The degree to which a person thinks their efforts will result in a desired outcome

Question 39

Trait theory

Answer 39

Personality consists of observable and measurable traits that endure over time.

Question 40

Factor analysis

Answer 40

Analyzing multiple variables and seeing how they corelate to each other.

Question 41

Arousal theory

Answer 41

People are motivated to perform in order to maintain optimal levels of arousal

Question 42

Dodson law

Answer 42

peak performance occurs at certain levels of arousal

Question 43

Self determination theory

Answer 43

People are motivated by intrinsic and extrinsic motivations.

Question 44

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 44

doing an activity for internal rewards

Question 45

Extrinsic motivation

Answer 45

Doing an activity for external rewards

Question 46

Disinhibition

Answer 46

Pursuit of social settings

Question 47

Boredom susceptibility

Answer 47

Aversion to routine

Question 48

Approach-approach

Answer 48

Choice between two desirable options.

Question 49

Avoidance-Avoidance

Answer 49

Choice between two undesirable choices.

Question 50

Approach-avoidance

Answer 50

Goal has a positive and negative features

Question 51

Ghrelin

Answer 51

hormone produced in stomach when empty (Induces hunger)

Question 52

Leptin

Answer 52

Hormone produced by fat cells that tell the hypothalamus to suppress hunger.

Question 53

Lange Theory

Answer 53

External stimuli leads to a response of the autonomic nervous system.

Question 54

Bard Theory

Answer 54

Processes in the brain and nervous system sends emotions while processing (seeing a bear)

Question 55

Cognitive appraisal

Answer 55

People evaluate their environment to determine their significance and potential impact.

Question 56

Broaden and build theory

Answer 56

Positive emotions widens one's awareness and encourages new thoughts and actions which allows us to build skills.

Question 57

What are the five universal facial expressions.

Answer 57

Anger, disgust, fear, enjoyment, and sadness

Question 58

Elicitors

Answer 58

Factors that trigger emotions