unit 1

Question 1

What does the term ‘Renaissance’ mean?

Answer 1

Rebirth

The Renaissance marked a resurgence of interest in classical texts and ideas from ancient Rome and Greece.

Question 2

Who preserved classical ideas during the Middle Ages?

Answer 2

Islamic scholars

They translated classical texts into Arabic and Latin.

Question 3

What philosophy did Petrarch introduce?

Answer 3

Humanism

Humanism emphasized the unlimited potential of human beings.

Question 4

What did humanism emphasize?

Answer 4

The unlimited potential of human beings

It became central to Renaissance thinking.

Question 5

What is philology?

Answer 5

Study of the history and development of languages.

Question 6

Who proved that a document allegedly by Emperor Constantine was a forgery?

Answer 6

Lorenzo Valla

He used philological analysis in 1440.

Question 7

What was the focus of education during the Renaissance?

Answer 7

Classical texts and humanistic reasoning.

Question 8

What did civic humanism advocate?

Answer 8

Educated men should engage in politics.

Question 9

Which artist created the sculpture ‘David’?

Answer 9

Michelangelo.

Question 10

What is a key characteristic of Renaissance art?

Answer 10

Realistic naturalism.

Question 11

What was the impact of the printing press?

Answer 11

Spread ideas rapidly and challenged universities and religious authority.

Question 12

What was the primary motive for European exploration?

Answer 12

God, Gold, and Glory.

Question 13

What did the Peace of Augsburg (1555) allow?

Answer 13

HRE princes could choose Catholicism or Lutheranism.

Question 14

What was the Columbian Exchange?

Answer 14

Global exchange of goods, culture, and disease between Europe and the Americas.

Question 15

Fill in the blank: The invention of the _______ allowed for the rapid spread of ideas during the Renaissance.

Answer 15

printing press.

Question 16

Who was a key figure in Christian humanism?

Answer 16

Desiderius Erasmus.

Question 17

What did Erasmus advocate for?

Answer 17

Classical and Biblical education.

Question 18

What was the Encomienda system?

Answer 18

Natives forced into labor.

Question 19

What was the Price Revolution?

Answer 19

Inflation from silver and population growth.

Question 20

What did the Enclosure Movement lead to?

Answer 20

Urbanization and social unrest.

Question 21

What was a major consequence of the African Slave Trade?

Answer 21

Millions of Africans enslaved and transported.

Question 22

What characterized the Northern Renaissance art?

Answer 22

Religious, human-centered, and naturalistic.

Question 23

Who created ‘The Peasant Wedding’?

Answer 23

Pieter Bruegel the Elder.

Question 24

What was the primary economic system during the Commercial Revolution?

Answer 24

Capitalism.

Question 25

Fill in the blank: The _______ Movement privatized public land for profit.

Answer 25

Enclosure.

Question 26

What did the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) do?

Answer 26

Divided the New World between Spain and Portugal.

Question 27

True or False: The Renaissance rejected religion completely.

Answer 27

False.

Question 28

What was a significant result of the technological advancements in navigation?

Answer 28

Deep-sea exploration became possible.

Question 29

Which European power established a trading post empire in the Indian Ocean?

Answer 29

Portugal.

Question 30

What was one of the effects of the Columbian Exchange on Europe?

Answer 30

Improved diets and lifespans.

Question 31

What did the Act of Uniformity establish in England?

Answer 31

Mandatory church attendance.

Question 32

What period does the timeline cover for AP Euro Unit 1?

Answer 32

c. 1450–c. 1648

Question 33

What is the significance of the Italian Renaissance?

Answer 33

Began in Florence, revival of Greco-Roman texts, growth of humanism

Question 34

Who is known as the 'Father of Humanism'?

Answer 34

Petrarch

Question 35

What major invention occurred in the 1440s?

Answer 35

Invention of the Printing Press

Question 36

Fill in the blank: The _______ was developed by Johannes Gutenberg.

Answer 36

movable type printing

Question 37

What event in 1453 helped spark the Renaissance?

Answer 37

Fall of Constantinople

Question 38

Who reached the Americas in 1492?

Answer 38

Christopher Columbus

Question 39

What did the Treaty of Tordesillas accomplish?

Answer 39

Divided the New World between Spain and Portugal

Question 40

What was the main focus of Erasmus's 'In Praise of Folly'?

Answer 40

Critique of Church corruption

Question 41

What did Martin Luther post in 1517?

Answer 41

The 95 Theses

Question 42

What concept emphasizes faith alone in Martin Luther's teachings?

Answer 42

sola fide

Question 43

True or False: The Diet of Worms declared Martin Luther a heretic.

Answer 43

True

Question 44

What inspired the German Peasants’ Revolt of 1524–1525?

Answer 44

Reformation ideas of equality

Question 45

What was the Act of Supremacy?

Answer 45

Henry VIII's break from the Catholic Church

Question 46

What did the Council of Trent reaffirm?

Answer 46

Core Catholic doctrines

Question 47

Fill in the blank: The Peace of Augsburg established 'Cuius regio, eius _______'.

Answer 47

religio

Question 48

Who was responsible for the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre?

Answer 48

Catherine de Medici

Question 49

What did the Edict of Nantes grant?

Answer 49

Religious toleration to Huguenots

Question 50

What was the Thirty Years’ War primarily about?

Answer 50

Religious and political conflict

Question 51

What did the Peace of Westphalia achieve?

Answer 51

Legalized Calvinism and weakened the Habsburgs

Question 52

Who is known for the idea of the ideal Renaissance man?

Answer 52

Baldassare Castiglione

Question 53

What did Niccolò Machiavelli argue in 'The Prince'?

Answer 53

Rulers should use pragmatism and deception to maintain power

Question 54

Who criticized the mistreatment of Native Americans?

Answer 54

Bartolomé de las Casas

Question 55

What is the significance of the Columbian Exchange?

Answer 55

Transforming global demographics and economies