Unit 1

Question 1

natural rights

Answer 1

enlightenment ideal influenced jefferson’s writing in the declaration of independence

Question 2

popular sovereignty

Answer 2

the idea that the power to govern lies with the people

Question 3

social contract

Answer 3

the idea that people give up some power to the government for protection and people have the right to overthrow if the government is not doing its job

Question 4

Republicanism

Answer 4

separation of powers

Question 5

Declaration of Independence

Answer 5

written by Thomas Jefferson; ideas of popular sovereignty, social contract and natural rights

Question 6

Constitution

Answer 6

written by James Madison; ideas of republicanism, separation of powers and judicial review

Question 7

participatory democracy

Answer 7

citizens vote directly rather than through representatives

Question 8

pluralist democracy

Answer 8

interest groups

Question 9

elite democracy

Answer 9

group of highly educated representatives elected to make decisions

Question 10

Federalist 10

Answer 10

written by James Madison; warns against the dangers of factions and the tyranny of the majority
argument: you can’t stop factions without taking away rights so you can only manage the effects of factions

Question 11

Brutus 1

Answer 11

written by Robert Yates; an antifederalist paper that argues against the constitution; too large of a central government for such a large country; supremacy clause and necessary and proper clauses give too much power

Question 12

Federalist 51

Answer 12

written by James Madison; argues for checks and balances

Question 13

Articles of Confederation

Answer 13

first constitution; only one branch of government, cannot raise army, can’t tax, can’t be amended unless all states agree

Question 14

Shay’s Rebellion

Answer 14

revealed the weakness of the articles because there was no army to stop rebellion

Question 15

Great Compromise

Answer 15

House of representatives is decided by population and Senate is equal representation

Question 16

Virginia Plan

Answer 16

population determines representations

Question 17

New Jersey Plan

Answer 17

equal representation in congress

Question 18

Federalists

Answer 18

wanted to ratify the constitution, usually richer upper class

Question 19

Amendment process

Answer 19

2/3 proposal 3/4 ratification

Question 20

Exclusive/enumerated powers

Answer 20

explicitly stated for the central government

Question 21

Reserved Powers

Answer 21

for the states

Question 22

Grants in Aid

Answer 22

federal grants for everyday expenses of local and state government

Question 23

Categorical grant

Answer 23

specific purpose

Question 24

Block Grants

Answer 24

broad purpose

Question 25

10th amendment

Answer 25

established reserved powers

Question 26

McCulloch vs. Maryland

Answer 26

Maryland taxed the national bank in retaliation to the bank being created. The supreme court ruled that under the necessary and proper clause the national bank could be created and under the supremacy clause states couldn't tax a federal entity

Question 27

U.S. vs. Lopez

Answer 27

1995 issue of federalism. student violated a state law and the Gun Free School Zones Act. The SCOTUS ruled that the commerce clause did not justify the law