Unit 5

Question 1

15th amendment

Answer 1

the right to vote cannot be denied based upon race, color, or previous condition of servitude

Question 2

17th amendment

Answer 2

direct election of senators

Question 3

19th amendment

Answer 3

women get the right to vote

Question 4

24th amendment

Answer 4

1964; right to vote shall not be denied for failure to pay poll tax

Question 5

26th amendment

Answer 5

1971; all citizens 18 and older can vote

Question 6

retrospective voting

Answer 6

considering candidates past actions

Question 7

prospective voting

Answer 7

voting based upon how/what a candidate will do in the future

Question 8

party-line voting

Answer 8

voting based on what political party you align with

Question 9

political efficacy

Answer 9

the belief that your vote matters and will make a difference

Question 10

Federal Role in Governing Elections

Answer 10

• sets dates for federal elections
• enforce civil rights legislation
• campaign finance rules
• certifies electoral college results

Question 11

State Role in Governing Elections

Answer 11

• redistricting
• procedure for voting and registration

Question 12

Linkage Institutions

Answer 12

organization in society that connects citizens with the government

Question 13

Elections as a Linkage Institution

Answer 13

electing officials provides information on issues and candidates

Question 14

Political Parties as a Linkage Institution

Answer 14

people connect to the government by identifying with a certain party. Different parties provide different views

Question 15

Interest Groups as a Linkage Institution

Answer 15

people with similar interests attempt to influence politics

Question 16

Media as a Linkage Institution

Answer 16

allows ordinary people to find out about candidates and issues

Question 17

Party Platforms

Answer 17

written every 4 years and are explained at their respective conventions. They help to hold candidates accountable

Question 18

Candidate Recruitment

Answer 18

party workers and volunteers recruit members by making phone calls, using social media, and going door to door

Question 19

Citizen’s United vs FEC

Answer 19

the court ruled that limiting political spending is limiting 1st amendment right to free speech

Question 20

Horse Race Journalism

Answer 20

focuses too much on polls

Question 21

McDonald v Chicago

Answer 21

Chicago had a law that said all guns must be registered but refused to register any citizen’s guns. McDonald challenged this and SCOTUS ruled the law violating 2nd amendment.

Question 22

Federalist 51

Answer 22

written by James Madison, argues for checks and balances

Question 23

Brutus 1

Answer 23

written by Robert Yates, argued that a representative democracy would not truly represent the people, a strong central government is not fitting for such a large country

Question 24

Federalist 70

Answer 24

fed paper written by Hamilton; argued for a strong energetic executive

Question 25

Federalist 78

Answer 25

written by Hamilton; argued for a lifetime appointment of judges, this allows for highly educated candidates and lack of influence from the public because of elections. Judicial Review is established: it’s the courts job to interpret constitutionality only. The court can be checked by not being able to enforce rulings.

Question 26

Letter from Birmingham Jail

Answer 26

written by MLK in 1963. It called people to stand up to injustice and peacefully protest

Question 27

critical election

Answer 27

new issues emerge and majority party is typically replaced by minority

Question 28

realignment

Answer 28

change in size or composition of a party

Question 29

Election of 1860

Answer 29

Lincoln won without any vote from the south; democratic party split over the issue

Question 30

Election of 1896

Answer 30

William McKinley won this election as the republican candidate. The panic of 1893 made it a critical election

Question 31

Winner-take-all system

Answer 31

whoever wins the popular vote in the state gets all the electoral college votes for that state

Question 32

what states don't use winner-takes-all?

Answer 32

Nebraska and Maine

Question 33

free rider problem

Answer 33

when an individual can receive benefits from a group but not contribute

Question 34

Single issue interest groups

Answer 34

address single concern ex: National Rifle Association

Question 35

Ideological/social interest groups

Answer 35

common social concern ex: Sierra Club

Question 36

Protest movement interest groups

Answer 36

challenging social issue ex: national Right to life

Question 37

caucus

Answer 37

political party gathering in which candidates are chosen

Question 38

Hard Money

Answer 38

used to elect or defeat specific candidate; individuals, PACs and parties

Question 39

Soft Money

Answer 39

used for party in general

Question 40

PAC

Answer 40

political action committee that can donate money directly to a candidate but the amount is limited

Question 41

Super PAC

Answer 41

can raise and spend unlimited amounts of money but cannot donate directly to a candidate