Unit 1

Question 1

England’s advantages in the Hundred Year’s War

Answer 1

Long bow, strong navy, unified country, etc.

Question 2

What happened to Joan of Arc?

Answer 2

Burgundians captured her, gave her to English. She was tortured until she signed a contract saying she was not inspired by God. Later she was burnt at the stake. Now she is declared a saint.

Question 3

Papal Plentitude of Power

Answer 3

Pope Innocent III transformed the church into a political power force. (strong politically)

Question 4

Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges

Answer 4

official statement saying french church can elect own clergy without papal interference

Question 5

Donatism

Answer 5

Sacrament can only be performed by worthy authority

Question 6

John Wycliffe

Answer 6

Realist. Skeptic of Church and church leaders’ morals. “They ought to be content with food and clothing.” Charged with heresy. Followers = Lollards. Translated and distributed scripture.

Question 7

Babylonian Captivity

Answer 7

The Avignon Papacy. Moved to France by Clement V.

Question 8

Description of Renaissance

Answer 8

A rebirth of ancient traditions. Medieval to Modern. Growing national consciousness. Political centralization, urban economy (trade, industry).

Question 9

Reasons Italy was birthplace of the Renaissance

Answer 9

Geography, Holy Roman Empire, City-states, Powerful patrons

Question 10

Consequences of social strife and competition in Italian cities

Answer 10

Evolved into despotism, social division/anarch, pushed city-stats to progress faster.

Question 11

Reaction of lower classes to black death

Answer 11

Ciompi Revolt, Jacquerie, Peasants Revolt

Question 12

Professions of Humanists

Answer 12

orators, poets, teachers, secretaries, speechwriters, diplomats

Question 13

Francesco Petrarch

Answer 13

“Father of Humanism”

wrote Sonnets to Laura, and Africa

Question 14

Baldassare Castiglione

Answer 14

“the book of the courtier”

Question 15

Giotto

Answer 15

“Father of Renaissance art”

Question 16

Masters of high renaissance

Answer 16

Botticelli, Da Vinci, Michaelangelo, Raphael

Question 17

Leonardo Da Vinci’s professions and works

Answer 17

Architect, Sculptor, Painter, Scientist, Engineer, Inventor

Mona Lisa, The Last Supper (1498), Equestrian statue (1516-1518)

Question 18

Michelangelo & his works

Answer 18

David (1504), The Pieta (1499), Sistine chapel (1508-1512), The Last Judgement (1534-41)

Question 19

Raphael & his works

Answer 19

Baldassare Castiglione portrait (1514-1515), Betrothal of the Virgin (1504), Madonnas Series

Question 20

Treaty of Lodi

Answer 20

Created balance of power between Milan, Naples, Florence vs. Papal States, Venice, HRE

Question 21

Date of Renaissance

Answer 21

1375-1527

Question 22

1st French Invasion

Answer 22

Duke of Milan tells France to come through Milan and lay claim on Naples. When France comes through Florence, Piero de’ Medici gives them Pisa.

Charles VIII was French King

Question 23

2nd French Invasion

Answer 23

Pope Alexander VI invited French again (Borgia Clan)

Louis XII was French King

Question 24

3rd French Invasion

Answer 24

Julius II formed 2nd holy league to get French out of land

Question 25

Pope Julius II

Answer 25

"Warrior Pope" established Holy league, more secular than religious, wanted gain for himself

Question 26

Concordat of Bologna

Answer 26

1. Preserved Gallican Liberties 2. Secured annates 3. Hapsburg- Valois wars 4. Ended 3rd French Invasion 5. Kept France catholic 6. Pope recognized as authority over church counsels

Question 27

Machiavelli

Answer 27

"The Prince" | The ends justify the means

Question 28

Factors that led to transition from Feudal to National monarchies

Answer 28

1. Black death 2. Hundred years war 3. Great schism 4. King and town

Question 29

War of Roses

Answer 29

1455-1485 Dynastic struggle between York and Lancaster Richard III, Henry VII Results in the Tutor reign

Question 30

Valois Dynasty Major Rulers

Answer 30

Philip VI, Charles VII (ugly, dauphin, joan of arc), Louis XI (spider, dissolved burgundy)

Question 31

Significant actions of Louis XI

Answer 31

Dissolved burgundy, national postal service, expanded trade & industry, checked nobility's power

Question 32

Circumstances surrounding Isabella and Ferdinand

Answer 32

portugal vs. france

Question 33

Accomplishments of Isabella and Ferdinand

Answer 33

Christianization, securing borders, subdue disloyal factions, exploration

Question 34

Regions of conflict between 'one' and 'many'

Answer 34

France: one England: one Spain: one HRE: many

Question 35

Representative assemblies

Answer 35

parliament (England) cortes (spain) estates general (france) Reichstag (HRE)

Question 36

Characteristics of Northern Humanists

Answer 36

came from diverse backgrounds, common audiences, religious reform, printing press (very useful)

Question 37

_____ layer the egg that ______ hatched

Answer 37

Erasmus, Luther

Question 38

Erasmus

Answer 38

Author of the adages, "prince of humanists", translated new testament into greek and latin

Question 39

Humanists in N. European countries

Answer 39

``` England: Thomas More France: Bude', Lefevre Spain: Francisco Jimenez de Cisneros Germany: Agricola, Keltis, von Hutten Netherlands: Erasmus ```

Question 40

Facts about printing press

Answer 40

Inventor: Johann von Gutenburg increased intelligence of laity good for printer's guild

Question 41

Portugal's role in slave trade to Europe

Answer 41

150,000 slaves from South America to Europe

Question 42

Prince Henry "the navigator"

Answer 42

Conquered North Africa

Question 43

Who was America named after?

Answer 43

Amerigo Vespucci

Question 44

Bartholemew Huminez

Answer 44

Sailed around cape of good hope

Question 45

Bosco Digama

Answer 45

trade route for spices to India

Question 46

Magellan

Answer 46

had first crew that circumnavigated the world

Question 47

Types of labor servitude in Latin America

Answer 47

Repartemiento (right to labor certain # of indians)

Question 48

3 Major components of colonial economy of Latin America

Answer 48

1. Mining 2. Agriculture 3. Shipping

Question 49

Consequenses of European Exploration of the New world

Answer 49

1. Economic growth for Europe 2. Benefit for Spain ($) 3. New species to new world and Europe (tobacco, corn) 4. Disease