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AP PSYCH > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is psychology?

A

the study of human behavior

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2
Q

Who concluded that the mind is separate from the body and that knowledge is born innate?

A

Socrates and Plato

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3
Q

Who believed that knowledge grows from experience stored in our memories?

A

Aristotle

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4
Q

Who believed that animal spirits flow from the brain through nerves enabling body movements?

A

Descartes

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5
Q

Blank slate

A

Tabula rasa

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6
Q

Who believed that mind at birth is a blank slate?

A

Locke

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7
Q

Who formed empiricism?

A
  1. Locke

2. Bacon

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8
Q

The view that science should rely on observation and experimentation

A

Empiricism

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9
Q

Who founded the first psychology lab?

A

Wilhelmin Wundt

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10
Q

When and where was the first psych lab founded?

A

Germany, 1879

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11
Q

Who introduced the school of structuralism?

A

Edward Titchener

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12
Q

Explored basic elements of mind using the method of introspection

A

Structuralism

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13
Q

What method was proved unreliable?

A

Structuralism

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14
Q

Who assumed that thinking developed because it was adaptive?

A

William James

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15
Q

Who founded the school of functionalism?

A

William James

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16
Q

Functionalism

A

How mental and behavioral processes enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish

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17
Q

First female president of American Psychological Association

A

Mary Calkins

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18
Q

First woman to receive PH.D. in psychology

A

Margaret Washburn

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19
Q

What are the historical roots of psychology?

A
  1. Biology

2. Philosophy

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20
Q

Who pioneered the study of learning?

A

Ivan Pavlov

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21
Q

Who was a personality theorist?

A

Sigmund Freud

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22
Q

Studied Children

A

Jean Piaget

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23
Q

What was psychology defined as in its earliest years?

A

The science of mental life

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24
Q

In later years what was psychology redefined as?

A

The science of observable behavior

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25
Q

Who forged humanistic psychology?

A

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

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26
Q

Humanistic psychology

A

Emphasized the growth potential of healthy people

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27
Q

The study of brain activity linked with mental activity

A

Cognitive neuroscience

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28
Q

The scientific study of human behavior and mental processes

A

Psychology

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29
Q

Why did psychology undergo a cognitive revolution in the 1960’s?

A

It began to recapture interest in how our mind processes and retains information

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30
Q

What is behavior?

A

Any action that we can record and observe

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31
Q

What do they mean by “mental processes”?

A

Refers to the internal subjective experiences we infer from behavior

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32
Q

Psychology is less a set of finding thins than a way of _______?

A

Asking and answering questions

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33
Q

Are psychologists increasing or decreasing?

A

Increasing

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34
Q

Nature vs. nurture issue

A

Controversy over the relative contributions of biology and experience

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35
Q

What did Darwin believe?

A

Natural selection

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36
Q

Natural selection

A

The principles that traits contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

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37
Q

What happens with every psychological event?

A

It stimulates a biological event

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38
Q

What are the three main levels of analysis?

A
  1. Biological
  2. Psychological
  3. Social cultural
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39
Q

What do the three main levels of analysis form?

A

Biopsychsocial approach to the study of behavior and mental processes

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40
Q

Psychologists who study how natural selection influences behavior tendencies

A

Evolutionary perspective

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41
Q

Psychologists who study how the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences

A

Biological perspective

42
Q

Psychologists that believe the behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts

A

Psychodynamic

43
Q

Psychologists who study the mechanisms by which observable responses are acquired and changed

A

Behavioral perspective

44
Q

Explores how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information

A

Cognitive perspective

45
Q

Explore how people attempt to fill their potential

A

Humanistic perspective

46
Q

Psychologists who study how thinking and behavior vary in different situations

A

Social cultural perspective

47
Q

What do different perspectives in big issues do?

A

Complement each other

48
Q

The branch of psychology devoted to measuring our abilities, attitudes, and traits

A

Psychometrics

49
Q

Builds psychology’s knowledge base

A

Basic research

50
Q

Uses basic research and seeks solutions to practical problems

A

Applied research

51
Q

Study our changing abilities from womb to tomb

A

Developmental psychologists

52
Q

What do educational psychologists study influences on?

A

Teaching and learning

53
Q

Investigate our persistent traits

A

Personality psychologists

54
Q

Explore how we view and affect one another

A

Social psychologists

55
Q

Help people cope with problems in living

A

Counseling psychologists

56
Q

Study, asses, and treat troubled people

A

Clinical psychologists

57
Q

Medical doctors who provide psychotherapy and treat physical causes of psychological disorders

A

Psychiatrists

58
Q

The view that knowledge is based on experience and should rely on observation and experimentation

A

Empiricism

59
Q

Used introspection to explore the human mind

A

Structuralism

60
Q

A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function-how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish

A

Structuralism

61
Q

Experimental psychology

A

The study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method

62
Q

The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes

A

Behaviorism

63
Q

Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and individuals potential for personal growth

A

Humanistic psychology

64
Q

Study of the brain linked with perception, thinking, memory and language

A

Cognitive neuroscience

65
Q

Science of behavior and mental processes

A

Psychology

66
Q

Controversy that genes over experiences make the psychological traits and behavior

A

Nature vs. nuture

67
Q

Of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproductions and survival will be passed down to next generations

A

Natural selection

68
Q

The different complementary views, from biological to psychological to social cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon

A

Levels of analysis

69
Q

Branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior

A

Biological psychology

70
Q

An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological and social cultural levels of analysis

A

Biopsychsocial approach

71
Q

The study of the roots of behavior and mental processes using the principles of natural selection

A

Evolutionary psychology

72
Q

Branch of psychology that studies hoe unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior and uses it to help people with disorders

A

Psychodynamic psychology

73
Q

Scientific study of observable behavior, and it’s explanation by principles of learning

A

Behavioral psych

74
Q

Scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

A

Cognitive psychology

75
Q

The study of how situations and cultures affect our behaviors and thinking

A

Social-cultural psychology

76
Q

The scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits

A

Psychometrics

77
Q

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

A

Basic research

78
Q

A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout a life span

A

Developmental psychology

79
Q

The study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning

A

Educational psychology

80
Q

The study of an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

A

Personality psychology

81
Q

The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

A

Social psychology

82
Q

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

A

Applied research

83
Q

The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimize human behavior in workplaces

A

Industrial/organizational psychology

84
Q

A branch of psychology that explores how people and machines interact, and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use

A

Human Factors psychology

85
Q

A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living and in achieving greater well being

A

Counseling psychology

86
Q

A branch of psychology that studies, asses, and treats people with psychological disorders

A

Clinical psychology

87
Q

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; have a medical degree, provide treatment and therapy

A

Psychiatry

88
Q

What perspective would most likely explain anger as “an outlet for unconscious hostility”?

A

Psychodynamic

89
Q

The debate on the relative contributions of biology and experience to human development is referred to as?

A

Nature vs. nurture

90
Q

What person who deals with psychology is a medical doctor?

A

Psychiatrist

91
Q

What psychologist would most likely explore how we view and affect each other?

A

Social

92
Q

For behaviorists, psychological science is rooted in what?

A

Observation

93
Q

What psychologist would most likely conduct psychotherapy?

A

Clinical

94
Q

The study of mental activity linked with brain activity best describes what?

A

Cognitive neuroscience

95
Q

Who did the first psych lab belong to?

A

Whilheim Wundt

96
Q

The __________ school of psychology focused on how mental and behavioral processes enable us to adapt and flourish

A

Functionalist

97
Q

The study of current environmental influences and the importance of satisfying the needs for love and acceptance best describes which school of psychology?

A

Humanistic

98
Q

Using psychological concepts to boost morale and productivity is an example of what type of research?

A

Applied research

99
Q

Self-reflective introspection to discern the elements of experience best describes a technique used by whom?

A

Structuralists

100
Q

Which perspective would most look at how our interpretation of a situation affects how we react to it?

A

Cognitive

101
Q

The science of behavior and mental processes

A

Psychology

102
Q

What questions does psychology answer?

A

How people think, feel, and act

AP PSYCH (2 decks)

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