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1
Q

What was America’s first constitution? What type of government did it create (both generally and specifically)?

A

The articles of confederation. The Articles of Confederation created a confederation in the United States. A confederation is a government in which the state government, not national, have dominant power. The leaders of the new nation feared that a strong, centralized government would lead to tyrannical monarchy like the British government.

2
Q

• What were some of the strengths and weaknesses of the government created by the Articles of Confederation?

A

STRENGTHS 1 To declare war and make peace. 2 To coin and borrow money 3 To detail with foreign countries and sign treaties 4 To operate post offices

WEAKNESSES, states could not vote, needed a 2/3 majority for a law, no national currency, no control on interstate trade

3
Q

What issue was brought about the Annapolis Convention? What was accomplished at this meeting?

A

the Annapolis Convention was held to discuss some issues of interstate trade. Very few delegates showed up, so this resulted in the calling together of the constitutional convention a bit later

4
Q

• Define completely (who, what, where, why, short/long range results) the term Constitutional Convention.

A
  • James Madison, Ben Franklin, etc
  • created a new government after the failed one
  • Philadelphia
  • articles were not working
  • create a country and solve financial problems
  • create a strong central government with checks and balances.
5
Q

Who is the “Father of the Constitution”? Why?

A

James Madison, his ideas are most prominently expressed in the constitution. He came in and created a strong central government.

6
Q

Discuss the government of a separation of power, providing a system of checks and balances created in Philadelphia at the Constitutional Convention.

A

The government will be divided into 3 branches with specific duties. They system of checks and balances keeps one branch from overpowering another.

7
Q

The Great Compromise

A

This was a compromise made for the amount of representatives a state received in the senate. Larger states wanted it of be based off of population, and smaller states wanted it to be equal for all states. The compromise was that there would be two houses. The senate would be equal for all states, and the House of Representatives would be based on population.

8
Q

Three-fifths compromise

A

Slaves were counted as 3fifths of a person

9
Q

Electoral (College) Compromise

A

a compromise between election of the President by a vote in Congress and election of the President by a popular vote of qualified citizens. People vote for the voters.

10
Q

Slave Trade Compromise.

A

Congress could not prohibit the slave trade until 1808, but that any imported slaves could be taxed.

11
Q

Who were the Federalists?

A

The men who favored the strong union and who fought for the adoption of the Constitution by the various states were called Federalists, example: Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay.

12
Q

Who were the Anti-Federalists?

A

Members: Thomas Jefferson, Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, Anti-Federalism refers to a movement that opposed the creation of a stronger U.S. federal government and which later opposed the ratification of the Constitution of 1788. The previous constitution, called the Articles of Confederation, gave state governments more authority.

13
Q

What were the Federalist Papers?

A

Papers written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay. They contained federalist beliefs and values. They helped persuade the Antifederalists to give in.

14
Q

What is the chief argument presented in Federalist #10 and #51 by James Madison?

A

10: warned about factions that could pull the states apart. Party’s.
51 explains the checks and balances system .

15
Q

What were the Letters from the Federal Farmer?

A

These were a series of 2 pamphlets that tried to persuade people in the ways of Anti Federalism. The Federal Farmer made typical Anti-Federalist arguments, claiming that the Constitution would tear down the sovereign states in favor of a consolidated government, and that this end of the federal system would be destructive of American liberties

16
Q

Shay’s Rebellion

A

Shays’ Rebellion is the name given to a series of protests in 1786 and 1787 by American farmers against state and local enforcement of tax collections and judgments for debt. Was used as an example to persuade people to change the articles.

17
Q

Daniel Shays

A

Was a farmer/military member who was a famous leader in shays rebellion

18
Q

James Madison

A

He created the Virginia plan and argued strongly for a strong central government that would unify the country.

19
Q

George Washington,

A

He was one of the first to recognize the flaws in the articles. He was elected first president by the CC.

20
Q

Roger Sherman

A

served on the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence, and was also a representative and senator in the new republic. He was the only person to sign all four great state papers of the U.S.: the Continental Association; the Declaration of Independence; the Articles of Confederation, and; the Constitution.

21
Q

The Preamble

A

It explains what their objective is and their reasons for creating a democratic government where people are free & have a say in how their lives are run.

22
Q

What major domestic and foreign problems faced the leaders of the New Constitutional Government?

A
  • A huge debt remained from the Revolutionary War and paper money issued during the conflict was virtually worthless.
  • In violation of the peace treaty of 1783 ending the Revolutionary War, Britain continued to occupy forts in the Old Northwest.
  • Spain refused to recognize the new nation’s southern and western boundaries.
23
Q

From what you have learned about the Constitution and the early history of the United States, how can a government build trust and unify a nation?

A
  • provide a structured system of laws.
  • protect people’s rights
  • protect the nation
24
Q

How did the Judiciary Act of 1789 clarify Article III of the Constitution?

A

The act states that the government will create a bunch of smaller inferior courts and a system for bringing a case to the Supreme Court. Articles 3 states that the smaller courts are included in the judicial branch.

25
Q

• How did Jefferson’s and Hamilton’s view of government differ?

A

Hamilton
1. Admired the British aristocracy and believed it should be a model for American Gov.
2. Believed in a strong central Gov.
3. Favored a broad interpretation of the constitution to strengthen central Gov. at expense of state rights.
4. Hamiltonians, under certain circumstances, favored restrictions on speech and the press.
5. Believed at the time that America should break official bonds with France and tie itself closely to Britain.
Jefferson
Believed in a government more democratic than Britain’s.
2. Jefferson wanted to reduce the number of federal office holders.
3. Jefferson favored freedom of the press and speech.
4. Jefferson also had a broad interpretation of the constitution but many times, it was only to favor himself or the situation (the damn hypocrite)
5. Wanted increased states rights and was suspicious of the central Gov. because of probable tyrannical overpowering like England.

26
Q

• What was Alexander Hamilton’s plan and how did the Bank of the United States support his plan?

A

The paramount problem facing Hamilton was a huge national debt. He proposed that the government assume the entire debt of the federal government and the states. His plan was to retire the old depreciated obligations by borrowing new money from the bank at a lower interest rate.

27
Q

How did the Federalists and the Democratic-Republicans positions differ from one another?

A

On pdf

28
Q

How was the Whiskey Rebellion an opportunity for the federal government to demonstrate its authority?

A

The government could now actually spin force a law that it establishes unlike in the past. They kept the tax and didn’t back down

29
Q

• Why did President Washington issue to Declaration of Neutrality in 1793?

A

Because of the French Revolution. We had strong pressure from b and f to joint, we don’t want war.

30
Q

What was Pinckney’s Treaty of 1795 and why was it important to the United States?

A

established intentions of friendship between the United States and Spain. It also defined the boundaries of the United States with the Spanish colonies and guaranteed the United States navigation rights on the Mississippi River.

31
Q

Why was John Jay’s treaty with Great Britain in 1794 so controversial? What government position did John Jay hold at the time?

A

sought to settle outstanding issues between the two countries that had been left unresolved since American independence. The treaty proved unpopular with the American public but did accomplish the goal of maintaining pe

32
Q

What were the Alien Acts? The Sedition Act? Why were they so controversial?

A

. These laws included new powers to DEPORT foreigners as well as making it harder for new IMMIGRANTS to vote. Previously a new immigrant would have to reside in the United States for five years before becoming eligible to vote, but a new law raised this to 14 years.

33
Q

What was the significance of the election of 1788, 1796, and 1800 (12th Amendment )?

A

1788 George Washington, first president
1796 John Adams (federalist)
1800 Vice President Thomas Jefferson defeated president John Adams.

34
Q

Discuss the case Marbury v. Madison. Address John Marshall, John Adams, midnight judges, and judicial review in your discussion.

A

At the end of President John Adams’ term, his Secretary of State failed to deliver documents commissioning William Marbury as Justice of the Peace in the District of Columbia. Once President Thomas Jefferson was sworn in, in order to keep members of the opposing political party from taking office, he told James Madison, his Secretary of State, to not deliver the documents to Marbury. Marbury then sued James Madison asking the Supreme Court to issue a writ requiring him to deliver the documents necessary to officially make Marbury Justice of the Peace. The Marbury v. Madison decision resulted in establishment of the concept of judicial review.

35
Q

What was Jefferson’s reasoning behind the Embargo Act of 1807? What was it so controversial in the northern states?

A

a general Embargo that made any and all exports from the United States illegal. It was sponsored by President Thomas Jefferson and enacted by Congress. The goal was to force Britain and France to respect American rights during the Napoleonic Wars. They were engaged in a major war; the U.S. wanted to remain neutral and trade with both sides, but neither side wanted the other to have the American supplies. The American goal was to use economic coercion to avoid war, and punish Britain. The north was successful because of its ports, so no le gusta,

36
Q

What was the Bill of Rights (definition and role in the ratification of the Constitution)? What are the personal liberties protected by Amendments 1-8 and what are the limitations placed upon federal power by Amendments 9 and 10?

A

Individual freedoms from the government(1-8) 9 and 10 are limitations on the federal government.

37
Q

Edmond Genet

A

The friend ambassador to the United States in the French Revolution

38
Q

Xyz affair

A

In 1793, France went to war with Great Britain while America remained neutral. Late the following year, the United States and Britain signed the Jay Treaty, which resolved several longstanding issues between those two nations. The French were infuriated by Jay’s Treaty, believing it violated earlier treaties between the United States and France; as a result, they went on to seize a substantial number of American merchant ships.

39
Q

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions—nullification

A

The resolutions argued that the federal government had no authority to exercise power not specifically delegated to it in the Constitution.

40
Q

Louisiana Purchase

A

is considered the greatest real estate deal in history. The United States purchased the Louisiana Territory from France at a price of $15 million, or approximately four cents an acre. The ratification of the Louisiana Purchase treaty by the Senate on October 20, 1803, doubled the size of the United States and opened up the continent to its westward expansion.

41
Q

Lewis and Clark Expeditions

A

Two scientists who were commissioned to explore the Louisiana purchase with a Native American guide

42
Q

What were key problems facing our new country (specifically issues with England, France, and Spain)?

A

A huge debt remained from the Revolutionary War and paper money issued during the conflict was virtually worthless.
In violation of the peace treaty of 1783 ending the Revolutionary War, Britain continued to occupy forts in the Old Northwest.
Spain refused to recognize the new nation’s southern and western boundaries.