Unit 1-5 Flashcards
(84 cards)
Goals of positioning
Access
Clinical comfort and occupational injury avoidance
Client comfort and safety
Ergonomics
Branch of ecology dealing with design and operation of machines and the physical environment
Visibility
What’s it part of and what does it include ?
Visibility is part of access.
Involves adequate light, mirror effectivity, clients head positioning and adequate retraction with finger, cotton roll and mirror head.
Definitions; Supine - Trendelenburg - Prone - Neutral -
Supine - flat head and feet (same plane).
Trendelenburg - flat, modified supine with head lower then heart.
Prone - flat with face down.
Neutral - clinician position that minimizes any medical stresses of the body.
Repetitive strain injures
Also known as? What’s the meaning? What’s it caused by?
Also known as - “work related musculoskeletal disorders.”
Meaning: injury affecting musculoskeletal peripheral nervous or neurovascular system.
Caused by: exposure to ergonomical hazards.
Common MSD’s
Thoracic outlet syndrome Rotator cuff tendinitis Pronator syndrome Extensor wad strain Carpal tunnel Ulnar nerve entrapment Tenosynovitis Tendinitis
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
A painful disorder of the fingers, hand and/or wrist due to the compression of he brachial nerve plexus and vessels between he neck and shoulder.
Causes; tilting head forward, hunching shoulders forward, and continuously reaching overhead.
Symptoms; numbness, tingling and/or pain in the fingers, hand or wrist.
Rotator Cuff Tendinitits
A painful inflammation of the muscle tendons in the shoulder region.
Causes; holding elbow above waist level and holding the upper arm away from body.
Symptoms; severe pain and impaired function of the shoulder joint.
Pronator Syndrome
A painful disorder of he wrist and hand caused by compression of the median nerve between he two heads of the pronator teres muscle.
Causes; holding the lower arm away from the body
Symptoms; similar to those of carpal tunnel syndrome
Extensor Wad Syndrome
A painful disorder of the fingers due to injury of the extensor muscles of the thumb and fingers.
Causes; extending fingers independently of each other.
Symptoms; numbness, pain and loss of strength in fingers.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)
A painful disorder of the wrist and hand caused by compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel of the wrist.
Causes; the nerve fibers of the median nerve originate in the spinal cord in the neck; therefore, poor posture can cause CTS. Other causes include repeatedly bending hand up, down or from side to side at he wrist and continuously pinch-gripping an instrument without resting muscles.
Symptoms; numbness, pain and tingling in the thumbs, index and middle fingers.
Ulnar Nerve Entrapment
A painful disorder of the lower arm and wrist cause by compression of the ulnar nerve of the arm as it passes through the wrist.
Causes; bending hand up, down or from side to side at the wrist and holding the little finger a full span away from the hand.
Symptoms; numbness, tingling and/or loss of strength in the lower arm or wrist.
Tenosynovitis
A painful inflammation of the tendons on the side of the wrist and at the base of the thumb.
Causes; hand twisting, forceful gripping, bending the hand back or to the side.
Symptoms; pain on the side of the wrist and the base of the thumb; sometimes movement of the wrist yields a crackling noise.
Tendinitis
A painful inflammation of the tendons of the wrist resulting from strain.
Causes ; repeatedly extending the hand up or down at the wrist.
Symptoms; pain in the wrist, especially on the outer edges of the hand, rather than through the center of the wrist.
Neutral neck position
Head tilt of 0 - 20 degrees
The line from the eyes to treatment should be as near to vertical as possible.
Neutral back position
Lean forward slightly from the hips
0 - 20 degree trunk flexion
Neutral torso
Body is in line with axis
Neutral shoulder position
Shoulders in horizontal line
Weight evenly balanced when seated
Neutral upper arms
Upper arms hang parallel to long axis of torso
Elbows at waist level held slightly away from body 0 - 20 degrees
Neutral forearm position
Forearms parallel to floor
Foray me raised or lowered, if necessary, by pivoting at elbow joint keep angle less than 60 degrees
Neutral hand position
Little finger-side of palm is slightly lower than thumb-side of palm
Wrist aligned with forearm
Informed consent
Informing the client about expected successful outcomes and possible risks and alternative treatments.
Capacity of consent
The ability of the patient to fully understand the information.
Patient responsibilities involving medical history
Patient has a duty to provide accurate responses on medical history assessment regarding his/her health status.
