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Geography > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Globe

A

A scale model of the earth that depicts properties such as area, distance, and direction. (3-D model)

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2
Q

Map distortion

A

Misrepresentation of shape, area, distance, and direction on a map. Comparison of measurements on curbed surface of earth.

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3
Q

Continental drift theory

A

The theory that the continents were once joined together and then slowly drifted apart.

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4
Q

Convergent boundaries

A

Two tectonic plates or fragments move toward one another and collide.

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5
Q

Divergent boundaries

A

Two tectonic played that move away from each other.

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6
Q

Transform boundaries

A

A type of fault whose relative motion is horizontal. (Plates slide past each other)

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7
Q

Fault

A

A crack or break in the earths crust.

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8
Q

Seismograph

A

Any of various instruments for measuring and recording vibrations of earthquakes. (Measures and records details of earth quakes.)

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9
Q

Epicenter

A

Center of the earthquake. Point on the earth’s surface vertically above an earth quake.

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10
Q

Richter scale

A

A scaler ranging from 1-10, for indicating the intensity of an earthquake.

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11
Q

Ring of Fire

A

Basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and eruptions occur.

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12
Q

Atmosphere

A

Gases surrounding the earth or another planet.

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13
Q

Lithosphere

A

Rigid outer part of the earth. Crust and upper mantle.

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14
Q

Hydrosphere

A

All waters on earth’s surface, such as lakes and seas.

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15
Q

Biosphere

A

Part of the earth where life exists.

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16
Q

Topography

A

Arrangement of physical features of an area. Shows the details and height of a mountain

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17
Q

Weathering

A

Chemical or physical process that BREAK down pieces of rocks into smaller pieces.

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18
Q

Erosion

A

The MOVEMENT of weathered rock and material by wind, glaciers, and moving water.

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19
Q

Deposition

A

Process where material being transported is DEPOSITED.

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20
Q

Glaciation

A

A process by which glaciers form and spread

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21
Q

Weather

A

Condition of the atmosphere in a SHORT period of time.

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22
Q

Climate

A

Weather patterns typical for an area in a short period of time.

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23
Q

Leeward

A

Being on or FACING the direction toward which the wind is blowing.

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24
Q

Windward

A

Being IN or facing the direction for, which the wind is blowing

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25
Rain shadow affect
Result of a process by which dry areas develop on the leeward sides of the mountain ranges. Temp changes drastically
26
Continentally
Distance from moderating affects of the ocean. * if you are close to the ocean, weather doesn't change drastically year round. If you are not close to the ocean weather changes drastically
27
Deciduous trees
Broad lead trees found in places such as amazon. They loose leaves in the autumn
28
Coniferous
Needle leaf tree found in Colorado. Keep leaves in winter.
29
Permafrost
Permanently frozen layer of soil beneath surface of the ground.
30
Mountain
natural elevation of the earth’s surface with steep sides and greater in height than a hill
31
Hill
natural elevation of the earth’s surface smaller in height than a mountain
32
Basin
an extended lower area between mountain ranges
33
Cliff
almost vertical edge of a hill, mountain, plain, or plateau
34
Valley
low land between hills or mountains
35
Escarpment
a steep slope with a nearly flat plateau on top
36
Source of the river
where the river beings at a higher elevation
37
Mouth of the river
the place where a river flows into a lake or an ocean
38
Delta
a triangular area of land formed from silt deposits at the mouth of a river; caused by the flattening out of the land, the river slows and deposits silt until the river seeks a new path
39
Estuary
broadened seaward end of a river; where the fresh water and the salt water mix
40
Tributary
smaller river that joins a larger river
41
Desert
area with very little rainfall
42
Oasis
a spot of fertile land in a desert, fed by water from wells or underground springs
43
Mesa
a wide, flat-topped mountain with steep sides, larger than a butte
44
Butte
a raised, flat area of land with steep cliffs, smaller than a mesa
45
Plateau
a broad, flat-topped mountain with steep sides, larger than a butte or mesa
46
Marsh
soft, wet, low-lying, grassy land that serves as a transition between water and land
47
Swamp
lowland region that is saturated by water
48
Flood plain/ alluvial plain
flat land near the edges of rivers formed by mud and silt deposited by floods
49
Volcano
an opening in the earth, usually raised, through which gases and lava escape from the earth’s interior
50
Island
small piece of land surrounded by water
51
Atoll
coral created island, sometimes forming a ring around an island
52
Peninsula
piece of land surrounded by water on three sides
53
Cape
a piece or hook of land extending into the ocean or a lake
54
Plains
a large level area of grassland with few or no trees (prairies, savannas, cerrado, llanos, pampas, steppe)
55
Lake
small body of water enclosed by land
56
Sea
a small body of water attached to a larger sea or the ocean
57
Ocean
large body of saltwater that covers the earth
58
Bay
part of an ocean or lake partially enclosed by land
59
Harbor
a sheltered area of water deep enough for docking ships
60
Strait
narrow strip of water that connects two larger bodies of water
61
Canal
manmade waterway
62
Channel
wide strip of water that connects two larger bodies of water
63
Isthmus
narrow strip of land that connects to larger pieces of land
64
Cave
sheltered opening in the earth
65
Gorge
narrow opening in the land created by the action of a river
66
Canyon
large opening in the land created by the action of a river
67
Dune
sand piled up by wind
68
Continental shelf
the earth’s surface from the edge of a continent into the ocean
69
Archipelago
several islands that form a chain
70
Gulf
large body of water connected to an ocean
71
Glacier
a large mass of ice that moves because of gravity
72
Cataract
a step-like series of waterfalls

Geography (6 decks)

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