Unit 1

Question 1

The Cell Theory

Answer 1

Every cell comes from other cells All living things are made of cells

Question 2

What are the largest cells

Answer 2

Nerve Cells

Question 3

What components do all cells have

Answer 3

Membrane Genetic Material Cytosol Ribosomes

Question 4

What is the size of a typical Bacterial Cell

Answer 4

2.5 um (Micrometers)

Question 5

What is the Central Dogma

Answer 5

DNA-> Transcribe to RNA-> Translate to Protein

Question 6

Cell behavior and appearance are dictated by_____

Answer 6

Proteins

Question 7

What are the functions of proteins

Answer 7

Chemical Catalysts (Enzymes) Structural Support Molecular motors (Neurons) Defense (Antibodies) Storage (Amino Acid reserves)

Question 8

What is the Genome?

Answer 8

The entirety of all DNA in a cell

Question 9

True or False: All cells in an organism have the same DNA

Answer 9

True

Question 10

How do cells differentiate?

Answer 10

This is a result of selective usage of information in DNA by specific cells

Question 11

True or False: Present day cells evolved from the same ancestral cells

Answer 11

True

Question 12

A change in DNA

Answer 12

Mutation

Question 13

Natural Selection

Answer 13

Interactions with the environment impact which changes are favored (or Not)

Question 14

When was the first microscope invented

Answer 14

1600s

Question 15

Resolution

Answer 15

Light’s properties limit how much we can see on the microscope

Question 16

Who coined the Term “cells” in 1665

Answer 16

Hooke

Question 17

Scanning electron microscopes allow you to view the _____ of the cell

Answer 17

Outside

Question 18

Transmission Electron Microscopes allow you to view the ____ of the cell,

Answer 18

Inside

Question 19

What is the size of most Eukaryotic cells

Answer 19

20-50 um (Micrometers)

Question 20

What are the 3 shapes of bacterial cells

Answer 20

Sphere (Streptococcus) Rods (E. Coli, Salmonella) Spiral (Treponema pallidum)

Question 21

The cell wall in plant cells protect against

Answer 21

osmotic pressures

Question 22

Cell Membrane

Answer 22

Encloses all internal components Controlls entry and exit of materials

Question 23

In bacterial cells, where is the genetic material stored?

Answer 23

It is not enclosed in a membrane, but localized in a nucleoid

Question 24

Flagellum

Answer 24

Whip-Like structure involved in movement. Not present on all bacterial cells

Question 25

Eukaryotic cells have\_\_\_ ____ \_\_\_\_\_ Which prokaryotic cells do not have

Answer 25

Membrane-bound organelles

Question 26

Nucleus

Answer 26

Stores genetic material in a form of long DNA strands (Chromosomes) Includes a nuclear envelope

Question 27

Mitochondria

Answer 27

Release usable energy from food for cellular activities

Question 28

Where is the site of Cellular Respiration

Answer 28

Mitochondria

Question 29

How are food molecules oxidized to form ATP

Answer 29

Cellular Respiration

Question 30

What are the folds of the mitochondria

Answer 30

Cristae

Question 31

Double-Membraned organelle with inner membrane forming folds projecting into the interior of the organelle

Answer 31

Mitochondria

Question 32

Mitochondrial DNA comes from which parent

Answer 32

Mother Only

Question 33

True or False: Mitochondria replicate and divide on the same schedule as the rest of the cell.

Answer 33

False

Question 34

The idea that mitochondria evolved from engulfed bacterial cells to develop the ancestral eukaryotic cells

Answer 34

Endosymbiotic relationship

Question 35

What is the replication process for Mitochondria

Answer 35

Binary Fission

Question 36

True or False: Mitochondria can survive outside the cell on their own

Answer 36

False

Question 37

An organelle that takes energy from light to make food

Answer 37

Chloroplasts

Question 38

What is the process that takes energy from light to make food

Answer 38

Photosynthesis

Question 39

True or False: Chloroplasts are found in both plants and animals

Answer 39

False

Question 40

Double-Membraned organelle with an internal membrane interior made of sacs

Answer 40

Chloroplasts

Question 41

What do the sacs in the Chloroplasts contain?

Answer 41

Chlorophyll pigments

Question 42

What are the sacs in the Chloroplasts called

Answer 42

Grana (Granum)

Question 43

True or False: Chloroplasts replicate and divide on the same schedule as the rest of the cell.

Answer 43

False

Question 44

What are the three membranes of the Chloroplasts?

Answer 44

Outer, Inner, and Thylakoid

Question 45

What two organelles are thought to have evolved from the Endosymbiont Theory

Answer 45

Chloroplasts and Mitochondria

Question 46

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 46

Interconnected spaces wrapped in a single membrane; continuous with the Nuclear Envelope

Question 47

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 47

Makes components destined for export from the cell. Makes Membrane components (Usually Smooth ER). Rough ER is lined with ribosomes.