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UNIT 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

yarn

A

produced when a number of fibres are spun together to make a continuous lenth

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2
Q

piled yarn

A

two or more yarns are twisted together with added strength and bulk

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3
Q

examples of hair fibres

A

mohair, alpaca, llama

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4
Q

examples of bast fibres

A

linen, hemp, ramie

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5
Q

examples of regenerated fibres

A

viscose, rayon, acetate

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6
Q

examples of synthetic fibres

A

polyester, acrylic, nylon

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7
Q

examples of inorganic fibres

A

glass, metallic, carbon

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8
Q

retting

A

soften the stem and pull it apart to get the useful fibres

used for jute/hessian

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9
Q

give 3 properties of linen

A

strong, highly absorbent, non-static

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10
Q

give 3 properties of jute

A

lustrous, little elasticity, weak

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11
Q

what is jute sometimes called

A

hessian

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12
Q

give 3 properties of ramie

A

strong, coarse, absorent

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13
Q

describe the properties of hemp

A

same as linen

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14
Q

linen can retain …% of its weight in moisture

A

50%

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15
Q

properties of bast fibres

A

strong, absorbent, biodegradable

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16
Q

examples of eco-fibres

A

hemp and bamboo

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17
Q

eco-fibres

A

raw materials used to manufacture textiles without using pesticides, chemicals, or synthetic fertilisers

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18
Q

examples of aramid fibres

A

nomex and kevlar

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19
Q

what are synthetic fibres made from?

A

petrochemicals

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20
Q

three ways synthetic fibres are made

A

melt extrusion, solvent-dry extrusion, solvent-wet extrusion

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21
Q

melt extrusion

A

used for a polymer which when heated will melt and become liquid

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22
Q

solvent-dry extrusion

A

used for a polymer that would be damaged by heating, but it able to be dissolved in a solvent that evaporates

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23
Q

solvent-wet extrusion

A

used for a polymer that would be damaged by heating, and can only be dissolved in a solvent that does not evaporate

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24
Q

which aramid fibre is high strength

A

kevlar

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25
which aramid fibre is heat resistant
nomex
26
properties of aramid fibres
no melting point, low flammability, strong
27
kevlar product
bullet protection vest
28
nomex product
oven gloves
29
which fibre uses the wet spinning method?
vicose
30
tencel
brand name for lyocell
31
which fibre uses the dry spinning method?
acetate
32
cabled yarns
made by twisting two or more piled yarns together
33
core yarns
made by covering a core filament yarn with staple fibres in a single spinning porcess
34
example of fancy yarns
boucle, chenille, brocade
35
what are textured yarns made from?
thermoplastic fibres
36
air-jet texturing
the yarn is fed through a turbulent air stread which causes entangled loops to be formed in the filaments
37
false-twist texturing
the yarn is heated, untwisted, and permanently set by cooling
38
thread count
measures the coarseness or fineness of fabric, it is measured by counting the number of threads contained in one square inch of fabric
39
denier
linear mass density of fibres per 9000m
40
blend
spinning two or more fibres together to make a yarn
41
examples of blends
cotton and polyester, elastane and anything, wool and nylon
42
examples of basic weaves
plain, twill, satin
43
examples of fancy weaves
brocade, damask, gabardine
44
examples of special woven effects
plaids, tartan, gingham
45
Ashinti strip weaving
made in Ghana, weave a variety of colours together
46
Ikat
made in Indonesia
47
examples of weft knitted
single jersey, double jersey, rib knit
48
examples of warp knitted
tricot and velour
49
advantage of warp knitted
does not ladder but can be unravelled row by row
50
methods of creating open work
lace, crotchet, braid
51
examples of fastenings
polyester buttons, plastic zip, nylon velcro
52
Regenerated cellulosic
viscose, modal, lyocell, cupro, acetate and | triacetate, rubber, alginate,
53
name some microfibres
elastane and tencel
54
what tests would be done to the materials?
tensile strength, seam strength, burst strength, tear strength, crease resistance, flammability
55
why are fabrics bleached before colour is added?
to make them evenly white
56
commercial names for wool
optima and sportwool
57
optima
wool fibre which has been stretched and reset so is superfine and soft used for suits
58
sportwool
mix of merino wool and polyester | used in sports clothing for cyclists etc and firefighters base layer
59
difference between worsted and woollen
worsted is woven, woollen is knitted
60
Elastomeric
Stretch and return back to natural shape eg Lycra and rubber
61
Fluorofibres
Teflon and goretex
62
Polyamide
Nylon
63
Polyacrylic
Acrylic
64
Chlorofibres
Polyvinyl (PVC)
65
Polyolefines
Polyethylene and polypropylene | Used for vegetable bags
66
End use of nomex
Oven gloves
67
End use of Kevlar
Bullet proof vest
68
Regenerated fibres
Made from wood pulp (cellulose) | They are partly natural and partly synthetic as a chemical is needed it extract the fibres
69
Pollution from making viscose fibres
Uses wet spinning method | By products of carbon disulphides and others which has polluting effects causing factories to close
70
Modal is a type of...
Rayon
71
Tencel is a brand name for...
Lyocell
72
Cupro
A regenerated cellulosic fibre made from cotton linter
73
Describe knitted fabric construction
One set of yarn which is worked either horizontally or vertically (not both)
74
Describe warp knitted construction
One set of yarn for each wale, each yarn only travels vertically
75
Products made from warp knitting
Net and lace curtain fabrics and fabrics that imitate crochet
76
How is weft knitting produced?
By hand, on a domestic knitting machine, or industrially
77
Describe weft knitted construction
One yarn travels the width of the fabric
78
Advantages of weft knitted fabrics
Drapes softly and takes the shape of the body Doesn’t crease easily Good insulator in still air but in wind the air can go through the holes
79
Disadvantages of weft knitting
Easily distorted when washed | Ladders easily when snagged
80
Advantages of warp knitting
Doesn’t ladder but can be unravelled row by row Greater scope for the production of a variety of fabrics Cheaper method of production Faster than weft knitting
81
3D knitting
Nike flyknit | A seamlessly knitted running shoe
82
Types of weft knit
``` Single jersey Double jersey Rib knit Hand knit Machine knit ```
83
Types of warp knit
Tricot | Velour
84
Ashanti strip weaving
Kente cloth made in Ghana used for special occasions and uses bright colours and geometric shapes
85
How is Ashanti strip weaving made
Double weave
86
What are the cultural weaves I need to know
Ashanti strip weaving South American blackstrap weaving loom Ikat

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