UNIT 3 Flashcards
(134 cards)
1
Q
CAA
A
computer aided administration
data is collected and accessed quickly to assist information management
stock control
monitoring people in the workplace
2
Q
PPC
A
production planning and control
plans all aspects of manufacturing including materials, scheduling machines and people etc
3
Q
COSHH
A
the law that requires employers to control substances that are hazardous to health
4
Q
common substances that are harmful
A
paint, bleach, or dust from natural materials
5
Q
what accounts for 80% of reported injuries
A
slips and trips
musculoskeletal
struck by moving objects
machinery
6
Q
flatbed fusing press
A
two horizontal metal plates between which the fabric and interlining laminate are sandwiched
7
Q
continuous fusing systems
A
passing a garment part, with its interlining placed on it, past a heat source and applying pressure
8
Q
how is heat provided in a continuous fusing system
A
direct heating on a heated surface
indirect heating (heated chamber)
low temp gradient heating (reduces shrinking)
9
Q
high frequency fusing
A
like continuous fusing systems but using high frequency energy like microwaves to heat through more layers at once
10
Q
specialised fusing presses
A
flatbed fusing press
continuous fusing systems
high frequency fusing
11
Q
steam press
A
this is for when the garment is completed as it provides uniormity
12
Q
disadvantages of using a hand iron
A
the operator has to guess the time, they don’t know what temp is needed, and can’t apply pressure evenly
13
Q
EDI
A
electronic data interchange
the structured transmission of data between organisations by electronic means e.g. emails
data control
14
Q
EDP
A
electronic data processing
the use of automated methods to process commercial data e.g. EPOS
15
Q
QRM
A
quick response manufacture
emphasises the benefits of reducing the time taken in manufacture
16
Q
CIM
A
computer integrated manufacturing
the manufacturing approach of using computers to control the entire production process
communication between different departments
17
Q
automatic blade cutting
A
numerically controlled knives cut multiple piles with accuracy
18
Q
laser cutting
A
a powerful beam of light projected onto a small area to cut the fabric
19
Q
lesser-beam cutting
A
concentrated light beam controlled by a computer (one layer of fabric cut)
20
Q
water jet cutting
A
propelling a tiny jet of water through fabric at a high pressure to cut
21
Q
fully manual methods of cutting
A
hand operated scissor
22
Q
manually operated power knife
A
straight knife, band knife, round knife, die cutting, notcher, drill
23
Q
mercerising
A
the yarn is treated to improve its strength, lustre, and receptivity to dye
24
Q
what affects the strength of a dye colour
A
amount of time in dye bath absorbency of fibres original fabric colour concentration of the dye colour in the dye bath effective use of mordant or fixative
25
methods screen printing
manual flat bed screen printing
industrial flatbed screen printing
rotary screen printing
26
hand produced batik
draw design with melted wax onto undyed fabric, when wax is hard dye or paint the fabric, iron between sheets of absorbent paper to remove wax
27
industrial produced batik
print dye to use as a resist, dye fabric, use heat finishing to remove the resin, fix the dye
use of machines to make it quicker
28
JET dying
fabrics sewn to form a continuous band and the fabric is moved by a high pressure jet of dye
29
semi-continuous dyeing
for colours that do not need to be changed quickly
| fabric wound up onto a batching roller where it's fixed
30
JIG dyeing machine
for fabrics that cannot be creased
31
how are fabrics (piece goods) dyed?
using the winch machine, fabric sewn to form a continuous band
used for lightweight woven and knitted fabrics
32
continuous dyeing
for colours that do not need to change too quickly
33
colour fastness
resistance of the material's colour fading
34
international standard for fastness
ISO 105
35
list some decorative techniques
```
block printing
sublimation
inkjet printing
stencilling
embroidery
quilting
```
36
spin dyeing
man made fibres are dyed while still liquid
37
stock dyeing
fibres are dyed
38
yarn dyeing
yarns dyed
39
piece dyeing
pieces of fabric
40
garment dyeing
when it's finished
41
cross dyeing
two different fibres that react differently to dyeing for effect
42
global manufacture
when more than one country is involved in the production and processing of a product
43
continuous production
used to produce very high volume textiles products such as fibres, yarns, or fabrics
44
cellular manufacture
horseshoe, oval, or circular positions enables quick movement between stages
45
where is cellular manufacture used?
fashion/high street
46
cost of cellular manufacture
low cost to set up
| higher product costing
47
use of ICT in cellular manufacture
EDI and QRM
48
straight-line manufacture
work is passed from one worker to the next until the product is finished and moved to other places in the factory such as finishing and pressing
49
progressive bundle system
garment components in bundles
50
synchro system
stages of work are in tune/depend on each other
51
UPS
```
unit production system
in response to fashion changes
expensive to set up
also called overhead production system
Monsters inc
```
52
where is a progressive bundle system used
high volume staple products such as shirts
53
cost of progressive bundle system
high to set up but medium cost of the product
54
use of ICT in progressive bundle systems
CIM and PPC
55
where is a synchro system used?
mass products like t-shirts
56
cost of a synchro system
high to set up but low product cost
57
use of ICT in a synchro system
CIM ad CNC
58
JIT
just in time manufacture
| actual orders provide a signa for when a product is manufactured
59
advantages of JIT
lower stock holding means a reduction in storage which saves insurance and rent costs
less working capital is tied up in stock
less likelihood of stock perishing
avoids the build-up of unsold finished products
60
disadvantages of JIT
little room for mistakes as minimal stock
production is reliant on suppliers (if stock not delivered on time the whole system is delayed)
no spare products to meet any unexpected orders
61
One-off
a make through system designed for the assembly of one-off bespoke clothing and would be the most suitable system for haute couture
62
advantages of one-off production
individual and innovative
| changes can be made to item at every stage
63
disadvantages of one-off production
time consuming
expensive
needs experienced proffessionals
64
mass production
identical products using standardised materials, components, flat patterns, equipment, and manufacturing processes
65
examples of some products made from mass production
yarns, underwear, uniforms, technical textiles
66
advantages of mass manufacture
quick and cheap
67
disadvantages of mass production
tighter quality control is needed
higher cost when machines fail
can't respond to market changes
68
reasons for adding a finish
```
safer
last longer
change/improve appearance
fabrics' reactions to different environments
easier to care for
how the fabric feels
```
69
mechanical finishes
```
raising/brushing
calendering
shrinking
framing
shearing/cropping
pressing
pleating
```
70
raising/brushing
fabric is passed over rollers covered with fine flexible wire brushes, these lift the fibres off the fabric to create a nap
71
effects of raising/brushing a fabric
warm and soft feel
72
dangers of raising/brushing a fabric
the fabrics must not be lifted too much as the fabric can be weakened
73
calendering
fabric is passed between heated rollers under pressure
74
effects of calendering
smooth the surface and comfact the fabric
| improve the lustre
75
chintz
fabric is impregnated with a resin to make it feel firm and lusturous
76
moire
water-mark pattern is produced
77
types of calendering
chintz
moire
embossing
78
embossing
engraved calender rollers
79
method of shrinking
fabric is steamed and allowed to relax on a vibrating table without tension, the fibres swell and make the fabric shrink in length and width
80
reasons for applying shrinking as a finish
the fabric is made to shrink so that it will not shrink later
81
framing
stretching on a senter frame to achieve correct and uniform width and smoothness
82
what fabrics is framing used for
all types of fabric
83
shearing/cropping
removes short hairs to make a level and uniform pile
84
pressing (finish)
smoothing using heated pressing plates - not rollers
85
pleating
permanent creases using heat setting for synthetics
86
give some examples of chemical finishes
```
water repellent
anti static
hygienic
anti-pilling
felting
moth proofing
```
87
ways of applying a chemical finish: coating
the application of polymer resins to either the face or the back of the fabric to produced enhanced properties like easy care
88
ways of applying a chemical finish: laminating
layering two or more different materials, these are bound together by adhesive
89
trademark name for water-repellent finish
teflon
90
trademark name for stain resistant finish
scotchgard
91
trademark name for flame resistant finish
proban
92
trademark name for hygienic chemical finish
sanitized
93
trademark name for easy care finish
sanfor plus
94
uses for water repellent finish
all weather clothing, tents, awnings etc
95
uses for stain resistant finish
carpets, tablecloths
96
what type of fabric uses an antistatic finish
synthetic fibres
97
end uses for flame resistant finish
furnishing fabrics
98
end uses for hygienic finish
fabrics for hospitals
99
what type of fabric uses a rot proofing sinish
natural fabrics especially in technical textiles
100
what type of fabric uses an anti pilling finish
wool and synthetics
101
what type of fabric uses an easy care finish
cotton and viscose
102
what type of fabric uses a felting finish
wool and animal hairs
103
what type of fabric uses an anti-felting finish
wool
104
what type of fabric uses a moth-proofing finish
wool
105
procedure for applying a water-repellent finish
spraying with water repellent chemicals e.g. silicones
106
procedure for applying an antistatic finish
conductivity enhancement
107
objective of applying a flame resistant finish
makes the fabric difficult to ignite
108
objective for applying a rot proofing finish
protection from organisms that promote decomposition
109
objective for applying an easy care finish
reduces sensitivity to moisture and creasing
110
TQM
total quality management system
| assures that all products are made of the same quality
111
ISO 9000
successful companies are awarded the international standard of quality
112
CCPs
critical control points
| where quality control checks take place
113
examples of CCPs
raw materials
prototype
production
final product
114
BSI kitemark
the symbol that gives consumers the assurance that the product they have bought really does conform to the appropriate British Standards and should therefore be safe and reliable
115
CE mark
products such as new toys must meet legal requirements before being sold to the european community
116
the lion mark
standards for toy safety
117
examples of CAM
fabric printing, knitting, weaving, pattern drafting, grading, robotic control for garment construction, fabric cutting, controlled decoration, controlled construction, controlled pressing
118
examples of CAD
design of fabrics, products, colour ways, modelling, patterns
119
british standard for flammability of nightwear
BS 5722
120
QA
quality assurance
| manufacturers and retailers to customers
121
QC
quality control
| what they do in the factory
122
what to do if they find a fault
```
NACERAP
Name
Appearance
Cause
Effect
Repair
Action
Prevention
```
123
production systems are named according to...
number of machines
machine layout
number of operators
124
make through system
one person makes a one-off product
125
positive for the workers for a make through system
more interesting as doing lots of different jobs
| has a broader skill base
126
drawbacks for a worker in a make through system
increased amount of pressure - if you get it wrong it's your fault
127
positive for workers in a progressive bundle system
becomes very highly skilled
| can see quality easily
128
drawbacks for workers in a progressive bundle system
only got one skill
relying on other people to get it right
feel isolated
129
positive for workers in a team based production system
teams rewarded
organised to promote positive working
team!!! not the individual
130
negatives for workers in a team based production system
pressure - you don't want to be the one to let the team down
131
CNC
computer numerical control
| controls all machinery
132
EPOS
electronic point of sale
| up to date stock control
133
CMT
cutting, making, trimming
| manufacturer does it all (not sub-assembly)
134
HLCC
home laundering consultative council
| they do the care labels
