Unit 1 And 2 Chem

Question 1

Scientific method

Answer 1

Define, observe, hypothesis, experiment, outcome of law or theory

Question 2

Units of measurement

Answer 2

Tera, giga, mega, Kilo, hecto, deca, base, deci, centi, milli,, micro, nano, pico

Question 3

Sig fig rules

Answer 3

1. Non zeros significant
2. Sandwiched zeros significant
3. Numbers on right of decimal significant if number is greater than 1
4. Zeros on left of decimal point of 1 insignificant
5. Trailing zeros may/may not be significant

Question 4

Volume of sphere

Answer 4

4/3 pi r (to the third power)

Question 5

Volume of cylinder

Answer 5

Pi r(to second power) h

Question 6

Volume of rectangle

Answer 6

Lwh

Question 7

Density of Al

Answer 7

2.699g/cm3

Question 8

Density of ethanol

Answer 8

0.789g/ml

Question 9

How many quarts in a liter

Answer 9

1.06 quarts

Question 10

How many cups in a quart(er)

Answer 10

4

Question 11

How many oz in a lb

Answer 11

16

Question 12

How many grams in Troy oz

Answer 12

31.103 grams

Question 13

How many km in one mile

Answer 13

1.609 km

Question 14

Pure substances

Answer 14

Matter with uniform composition and distinct properties

Question 15

Mixture

Answer 15

Concentration of 2+ substances where each substance retains specific identities (heterogenous ex. Oil and water) (homogenous, composition is the same ex. Sand and iron filings)

Question 16

Filtration

Answer 16

Removal of solids from liquids in solution

Question 17

Distillation

Answer 17

Selective separation with condensation/evaporation

Question 18

Chromatography

Answer 18

Separation/distribution of components in solution with mobile and stationary phase

Question 19

Element

Answer 19

Substance that cannot be reduced or separated into a simpler substance, all identical atoms

Question 20

Compound

Answer 20

Substance composed of 2+ elements chemically combined with fixed proportions, different elements chemically bonded together

Question 21

Physical properties

Answer 21

Can be measured without changing composition or identity of substance ex. Melting or boiling point

Question 22

Chemical properties

Answer 22

Measured through end result of chemical reaction ex. Hard boiling of egg, rusting, digesting, combustion

Question 23

Extensive property

Answer 23

Depends how much matter used ex. Mass, volume, length

Question 24

Intensive property

Answer 24

Does not matter how much matter used ex. Area, density, temperature, boiling point

Question 25

Atomic theory

Answer 25

1. All elements are composed of atoms 2. All atoms are identical in elements 3. Compounds composed of atoms of 2+ elements in fixed ratio 4. Chemical reactions can only separate, rearrange or combine

Question 26

Law of definite porportions

Answer 26

Fixed proportions regardless of sample size

Question 27

Law of multiple proportions

Answer 27

2 elements can form different compounds ex. H20 and h202

Question 28

Law of conservation of mass

Answer 28

Matter cannot be created or destroyed

Question 29

Atom

Answer 29

Basic unit of element that can enter into chemical combination

Question 30

Radiation

Answer 30

Emission and transmission of energy in forms of rays, discovered by JJ Thomson cathode ray tube experiment (determined ratio of electric charge to mass of electron)

Question 31

Robert milligan oil drop experiment

Answer 31

Determined actual charge of electrons when suspended by velocity

Question 32

Bequerel radioactivity

Answer 32

Discovered spontaneous emissions of particles & emission, alpha beta gamma

Question 33

Rutherford goil

Answer 33

-atom is mostly empty space, nucleus positively charged and is small and dense (observations that most alpha particles traveled through foil, some were deflected by small angles and few bounced back)

Question 34

Chadwick beryllium

Answer 34

Shot alpha rays at beryllium and discovered neutrons

Question 35

Atomic mass

Answer 35

(Atomic mass 1) (% as decimal) + (atomic mass 2) (% as decimal)

Question 36

Metal propeties

Answer 36

Good conductors of heat and electricity, all solid except mercury; some are magnetic, malleable, majority, mostly silver/green

Question 37

Mettalloids

Answer 37

Between metals and non metals chemically and geographically

Question 38

Non metals

Answer 38

Opposite of metals, all gas excluding bromine, varity of colors

Question 39

Alkali metals

Answer 39

Extremely explosive, stored under oil or argon capsules

Question 40

Alkaline earth metals

Answer 40

2 valence electrons, good conductors of electricity

Question 41

Transition metals

Answer 41

Form colored solutions

Question 42

Halogens

Answer 42

Always diatomic- must be in chemical bond, only group with all 3 phases

Question 43

Noble gasses

Answer 43

Inert, stable electron configuration of 8

Question 44

Molecule

Answer 44

2+ atoms in definite arrangement held by chemical covalent bonds ex. H2 Polyatomic molecules have 3+ atoms (can be same or different elemtents)

Question 45

Charged ion

Answer 45

Atom(s) w net positive/negative charge

Question 46

Binary compounds (ionic)

Answer 46

- ide ending

Question 47

Ternary compounds (ionic)

Answer 47

Roman numerals, ide ending, ecspecially used with transition metals

Question 48

Covalent molecular naming prefixes

Answer 48

Mono di tri tetra penta hexa hepta octa Nona deca

Question 49

Acids

Answer 49

H+ ion In binary acid use hydro prefix and ic ending w acid In ternary acid no hydro prefix but add acid Ate becomes ic, ite becomes ous Oxyacids have "per" at beginning containing hydrogen and polyatomic ions with 02