Unit 1: Basics

Question 1

Pharmacology

Answer 1

Study of substances that interact with living systems via chemical processes

Question 2

Medical pharmacology

Answer 2

Science of substances used to 
— Prevent
— Diagnose
— Treat 
disease

Question 3

Pharmacogenomics

Answer 3

Relation of individual’s genetic makeup to his/her response to specific drugs

Question 4

Drug

Answer 4

Any substance that brings about change in biologic function through its actions

Question 5

Agonist

Answer 5

Drug that activates a target molecule by binding to a receptor

Question 6

Antagonist

Answer 6

Drug that inhibits a target molecule by binding to a receptor

Question 7

Receptor

Answer 7

Molecule on a cell that is a target for drugs

Question 8

Osmotic agents

Answer 8

Interact almost exclusively with water molecules

Question 9

Hormones

Answer 9

Dugs synthesized within the body

Question 10

xenobiotics

Answer 10

Drugs synthesized not in the body

Question 11

Toxins

Answer 11

Poisons of biologic origin

Question 12

Chiral molecules

Answer 12

Mirror images

Question 13

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 13

Actions of drug on body

Question 14

Pharmacokinetic

Answer 14

Actions of body on drug

Question 15

4 Types of drug interactions with receptors

Answer 15

1. Agonist
2. Competitive inhibitor
3. Allosteric activator
4. Allosteric inhibitor

Question 16

Allosteric

Answer 16

Separate site from receptor site

Question 17

Full agonist

Answer 17

Can activate receptor-effector systems to maximum extent

Question 18

Partial agonist

Answer 18

No matter how high the concentration, does not evoke the same response

Question 19

Neutral antagonist

Answer 19

Drug that binds to receptor and appears to have no effect

HOWEVER, presence of antagonist at receptor will block access for agonists, preventing usual agonist effect

Question 20

Ligand

Answer 20

Drug molecule

Question 21

Prodrug

Answer 21

Inactive precursor chemical
Readily absorbed
Biologic processes in body convert prodrug to active drug

Question 22

ADME

Answer 22

— Absorption
— Distribution
— Metabolism
— Excretion

Question 23

A pair of CHIRAL molecules is called ________

Answer 23

Enantiomeric

Question 24

Rational Drug Design

Answer 24

Ability to predict structure of a drug based on what is known about its receptor

Question 25

What properties determine how a drug is classified?

Answer 25

Pharmacodynamic

Question 26

Inverse agonists prefer which receptors?

Answer 26

R sub i (the inactive receptor) | As opposed to R sub a, the active receptor

Question 27

What effect does an inverse agonist have?

Answer 27

An opposite effect than what an agonist has

Question 28

Characteristics of a Receptor

Answer 28

Must be selective regarding ligands and must alter biologic system

Question 29

Competitive inhibitor

Answer 29

blocks agonist

Question 30

Allosteric activator

Answer 30

increases binding of agonist OR increases its efficacy

Question 31

Allosteric inhibitor

Answer 31

decreases response to agonist