Unit 1 - Biochemistry Vocab

Question 1

Organic

Answer 1

Compounds that contain both carbon and hydrogen

Question 2

Inorganic

Answer 2

Compounds that don’t contain both carbon and hydrogen

Question 3

Mono

Answer 3

1 sub unit (small part); building block of all macromolecules

Question 4

Poly

Answer 4

Many sub units; many monomers bonded together

Question 5

Carbohydrate

Answer 5

Immediate/quick energy

Question 6

Glucose

Answer 6

A simple sugar

Question 7

Glycogen

Answer 7

Animals store excess carbs in the liver and muscle

Question 8

Starch

Answer 8

Plants store excess carbs (usually in roots) for long term storage

Question 9

Cellulose

Answer 9

Plants use to build cell walls

Question 10

Monosaccharide

Answer 10

One sugar

Question 11

Polysaccharide

Answer 11

Many sugars

Question 12

Lipid

Answer 12

Long-term energy storage, insulation, cell membranes, waterproofing, steroids

Question 13

Phospholipid

Answer 13

A lipid with a phosphate group (cell membrane)

Question 14

Steroids

Answer 14

Chemical messengers

Question 15

Triglyceride

Answer 15

Glycerol + 3 fatty acids

Question 16

Fatty acid

Answer 16

Tail of triglyceride

Question 17

Glycerol

Answer 17

Head of triglyceride

Question 18

Protein

Answer 18

Construction materials of body (bone + muscle), enzymes, regulate cell processes

Question 19

Amino acid

Answer 19

Monomer of a protein

Question 20

Polypeptide chain

Answer 20

Polymer of a protein

Question 21

Hemogoblin

Answer 21

Helps the red blood cells carry oxygen

Question 22

Insulin

Answer 22

Secreted by the pancreas to regulate blood sugar

Question 23

Enzyme

Answer 23

A type of reusable protein that speeds up the rate of reaction

Question 24

Nucleic acids

Answer 24

Store and transmit genetic information (heredity); instructions for making proteins

Question 25

Nucleotide

Answer 25

Monomer of a nucleic acid

Question 26

Hydrogen bond

Answer 26

A weak bond that holds nitrogen bases together

Question 27

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Answer 27

Contains the sugar deoxyribose and is double stranded

Question 28

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Answer 28

Contains the sugar ribose and is single stranded

Question 29

Catalyst

Answer 29

Used to increase the rate of a reaction

Question 30

Activation energy

Answer 30

The amount of energy required to undergo a process

Question 31

Reusable

Answer 31

To use again

Question 32

Specific

Answer 32

Clearly defined

Question 33

Substrate

Answer 33

The reactant that the enzyme will work on

Question 34

Active site

Answer 34

The region of an enzyme molecule which binds to the substrate

Question 35

Product

Answer 35

The final outcome of the reaction

Question 36

Enzyme-Substrate Complex

Answer 36

When the substrate bonds to the enzyme

Question 37

Denature

Answer 37

To alter or change

Question 38

Salinity

Answer 38

Amount of salt

Question 39

Synthesis

Answer 39

Making or building one product from two

Question 40

Decomposition

Answer 40

Breaking down one reactant into two products

Question 41

pH scale

Answer 41

A scale that measures how acidic or basic something is

Question 42

Test for simple carbs

Answer 42

Benedict's Solution

Question 43

Benedict's Solution

Answer 43

Test for simple carbs

Question 44

Test for complex carbs

Answer 44

Iodine/Lugol's Solution

Question 45

Iodine/Lugol's Solution

Answer 45

Test for complex carbs

Question 46

Test for proteins

Answer 46

Biuret's Solution

Question 47

Biuret's Solution

Answer 47

Test for proteins

Question 48

Test for lipids

Answer 48

Sudan Red

Question 49

Sudan Red

Answer 49

Test for lipids

Question 50

Starting color of Benedict's Solution

Answer 50

Light blue

Question 51

Starting color of Iodine/Lugol's Solution

Answer 51

Amber

Question 52

Starting color of Biuret's Solution

Answer 52

Blue

Question 53

Starting color of Sudan Red

Answer 53

Red powder, not mixed

Question 54

Positive color of Benedict's Solution

Answer 54

Red, orange or green if less

Question 55

Positive color of Iodine/Lugol's Solution

Answer 55

Blackish blue

Question 56

Positive color of Biuret's Solution

Answer 56

Purple

Question 57

Positive color of Sudan Red

Answer 57

Red (powder is mixed into solution)