Unit 5 - Mitosis Vocab

Question 1

Evolution

(As it pertains to cells)

Answer 1

Cells have changed over time from the original prokaryote to the size they are today.

Question 2

Cell Theory

Answer 2

All cells come from preexisting cells, cells are the basic unit of life, all living things are made up of cells.

Question 3

G1

Answer 3

Step 1 of interphase: growth

Question 4

G2

Answer 4

Step 3 of interphase: growth

Question 5

Stem Cell

Answer 5

Undifferentiated cell capable of producing cells of the same type and differentiating into other cell types.

Question 6

Cell Cycle

Answer 6

Sequence of growth and division of a cell.

Question 7

Interphase

Answer 7

Largest phase of the cell cycle where cells grow and DNA is replicated

Question 8

S phase

Answer 8

Step 2 of interphase: DNA is replicated

Question 9

Chromosome

Answer 9

Condensed DNA found in nucleus

Question 10

Diploid

Answer 10

Containing two complete sets of chromosomes

Question 11

Haploid

Answer 11

Having a single set of unpaired chromosomes

Question 12

Somatic cell

Answer 12

A body cell; has a diploid number of chromosomes

Question 13

Gamete

Answer 13

A sex cell (sperm/egg); has a haploid number of chromosomes

Question 14

Chromatin

Answer 14

Composes eukaryotic chromosomes; consists of DNA, RNA, and protein

Question 15

Nucleus

Answer 15

Helps control cell activities; contains DNA and is divided in mitosis

Question 16

Prophase

Answer 16

1st step of mitosis: Chromosomes condense, nucleus breaks down

Question 17

Metaphase

Answer 17

2nd step of mitosis: chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Question 18

Anaphase

Answer 18

3rd step in mitosis: chromosomes are pulled apart

Question 19

Telophase

Answer 19

4th step of mitosis: 2 new cells begin to form, nuclei reform

Question 20

Spindle fibers

Answer 20

Microtubules that form from centrioles

Question 21

Centriole

Answer 21

Form spindle fibers

Question 22

Sister chromatids

Answer 22

Two chromosomes attached at the centromere

Question 23

Centromere

Answer 23

Center of chromosome

Question 24

Cell plate

Answer 24

Rigid structure formed during cell division; precursor to new cell wall

Only in plant cells

Question 25

Cleavage furrow

Answer 25

Forms in animal cells to separate two new cells

Question 26

Mitosis

Answer 26

Part of the cell cycle in which cells divide their nucleus and DNA

Question 27

Cytokinesis

Answer 27

Part of the cell cycle in which cells divide their cytoplasm and organelles

Question 28

Asexual reproduction

Answer 28

An organism splits to create two new organisms

Question 29

Budding

Answer 29

New individuals form from a part of the original organism

Question 30

Sporulation

Answer 30

Production and release of spores

Question 31

Regeneration

Answer 31

Animal or plant tissue is regenerated to form new parts of organisms or cells

Question 32

Vegetative propagation

Answer 32

Multicellular structures become separated from the original plant and form new plants