Unit 1-bonding, Structures & Properties

Question 1

What are atoms of elements

Answer 1

The building blocks which make up everything in the universe

Question 2

What can atoms join together to make

Answer 2

Bonds

Question 3

What happens when 2 or more atoms join together

Answer 3

They from a molecule

Question 4

What happens when the atoms are the same

Answer 4

It’s a molecule of an element

Question 5

How many atoms are diatomic atoms made up of

Answer 5

2

Question 6

What are the 7 diatomic elements in the periodic table

Answer 6

hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, oxygen, fluorine, iodine, nitrogen

Question 7

Why do atoms form bonds

Answer 7

To achieve the most stable outer electron arrangement- a full outer shell

Question 8

What are covalent bonds

Answer 8

When 2 positive nuclei are held together by their common attraction for the shared pair of negative electrons

Question 9

What are covalent bonds formed of

Answer 9

Between 2 non-metals (usually)

Question 10

What kind of level of attraction do covalent bonds have

Answer 10

Extremely strong forces of attraction

Question 11

How do atoms form bonds

Answer 11

Using the electrons in their outer most energy she
L

Question 12

What do bonding diagrams do

Answer 12

They give a simplified picture of an atoms outer electrons

Question 13

What do molecules exist in

Answer 13

3 dimensions

Question 14

What does the shape of a simple covalent molecule depend on

Answer 14

The number and orientation of bonds around the central atom

Question 15

What does the bond look like and its perspective when it’s a straight bond

Answer 15

A straight line, in the plane of the paper

Question 16

What does the bond look like and its perspective when it’s a wedge bond

Answer 16

A door stopper, coming towards you

Question 17

What does the bond look like and its perspective when it’s a dashed bond

Answer 17

Straight lines getting longer, going away from you

Question 18

What do you call one bond

Answer 18

Linear

Question 19

What do you call two bonds

Answer 19

Angular

Question 20

What do you call 3 bods

Answer 20

Triganol pyramidal

Question 21

What do you call 4 bonds

Answer 21

Tetrahedral

Question 22

What do covalent substances form

Answer 22

Either discrete molecular or giant network structures

Question 23

What are covalent molecular at room temp

Answer 23

Can be solids, liquids, or gases

Question 24

What happens when a covalent molecular compound melts or boils

Answer 24

The weak intermolecular force is broken and the strong covalent bonds are left intact.

Question 25

Do covalent molecular have high or low boiling pints

Answer 25

As there is less energy required they have lower melting and boiling points

Question 26

What are covalent networks

Answer 26

They exist as giant network structures held together strong covalent bonds

Question 27

Do covalent networks have high or low boiling points

Answer 27

As there is lots of energy required to break the strong covalent bonds there is a high melting and boiling points

Question 28

What are examples of covalent networks

Answer 28

Carbon in the form of graphite and silicon dioxide

Question 29

What state is covalent network at room temp

Answer 29

Solid

Question 30

What does the chemical formula of a covalent molecular substance give

Answer 30

The number of atoms present in the molecule

Question 31

What does the formula of a covalent network substance give

Answer 31

The simplest ratio of atoms in the substance

Question 32

Different elements form what kinds of bonds

Answer 32

Different kinds of bonds

Question 33

What is a valency

Answer 33

The ability of atoms to combine with other atoms

Question 34

What does an atoms valency depend on

Answer 34

How many outer electrons it has

Question 35

What does the compound name sometimes have at the start of

Answer 35

A prefix

Question 36

What dumber does mono mean

Answer 36

1

Question 37

What number does di mean

Answer 37

2

Question 38

What number does tri mean

Answer 38

3

Question 39

What number does tetra mean

Answer 39

4

Question 40

What number does penta mean

Answer 40

5

Question 41

What number does hexa mean

Answer 41

6

Question 42

What number does hepta mean

Answer 42

7

Question 43

What happens when atoms gain or lose electrons

Answer 43

Charged particles called ions are formed

Question 44

What happens if an atom gains an electron

Answer 44

It becomes a negatively charged ion

Question 45

What happens if an atom loses an electron

Answer 45

It becomes a positively charged ion

Question 46

What happens when metals lose electrons

Answer 46

They become positively charged ions

Question 47

What happens when non-metals gain electrons

Answer 47

They become negatively charged ions

Question 48

What do atoms achieve when they form ions

Answer 48

The same arrangement as there nearest noble gas

Question 49

What does ionic bonding occur between

Answer 49

A metal and a non metal

Question 50

What does ionic bond mean

Answer 50

The electrostatic force of attraction between positive and negative ions

Question 51

What is an ionic lattice

Answer 51

A giant arrangement of ions held together by electrostatic attraction (ie. ionic bonds)

Question 52

What are in ionic lattices

Answer 52

Millions of ions held together in a lattice by ionic bonds

Question 53

How much energy is required to break an ionic lattice

Answer 53

Lots of energy and as a result they have high melting and boiling points

Question 54

What state are ionic compounds at room temp

Answer 54

Solid

Question 55

What does the formula of an ionic compound give

Answer 55

The simplest ratio of ions in the substance

Question 56

What is your charge on the ion if your in group 1

Answer 56

+

Question 57

What is your charge on the ion if your in group 2

Answer 57

2+

Question 58

What is your charge on the ion if your in group 3

Answer 58

3+

Question 59

What is your charge on the ion if your in group 4

Answer 59

/

Question 60

What is your charge on the ion if your in group 5

Answer 60

3-

Question 61

What is your charge on the ion if your in group 6

Answer 61

2-

Question 62

What is your charge on the ion if your in group 7

Answer 62

-

Question 63

What is a group ion

Answer 63

An ion which contains more than one type of atom

Question 64

What is electric current

Answer 64

A flow of charged particles

Question 65

What are conductors of electricity

Answer 65

They allow an electric current to flow through them

Question 66

What do non conductors of electricity do

Answer 66

They do not allow an electric current to flow through

Question 67

Do metals conduct

Answer 67

Metal elements and carbon (in the form of graphite) are electrical conductors

Question 68

do non metals conduct

Answer 68

Non metal elements are non-conductors of electricity

Question 69

What happens to an outer electron of metals atoms

Answer 69

They are not attached to a particular atom and are free to move around. They are delocalised

Question 70

Why do metals conduct electricity

Answer 70

Because there electrons are free to move around

Question 71

What happens to the atoms in a covalent bond which means they can’t conduct electricity

Answer 71

They share a pair of electrons this means that the electrons are not free to move around and there is no conduction of electricity

Question 72

Why can’t non metals conduct electricity

Answer 72

They do not have charged particles which can move and therefore they can’t conduct

Question 73

What is the exception of non metals not conducting

Answer 73

Carbon (in the form of graphite)

Question 74

What structure does graphite have

Answer 74

A layered covalent network structure

Question 75

For carbon graphite how many electrons does each carbon atom use

Answer 75

3 electrons for bonding, the remaining electron is delocalised over the whole structure

Question 76

Why can carbon graphite conduct

Answer 76

The electrons are free to move around between the layers , therefore it can conduct because electricity can flow through it

Question 77

Do covalent compounds conduct and why

Answer 77

They do not conduct electricity as the electrons are not free to move

Question 78

What state do ionic compounds do not conduct electricity in

Answer 78

The solid state. They conduct when dissolved in water or when molten

Question 79

Why do ionic compounds not conduct in solid but 5hey do in liquid.

Answer 79

Because the ions are not free to move but when the ionic compounds dissolve in water the lattice breaks and the ions are free to move

Question 80

What happens when you melt an ionic compounds

Answer 80

It breaks down the lattice and allows the ions to move

Question 81

Are covalent molecular substances soluble

Answer 81

They are insoluble in water but mayo be soluble in other solvents

Question 82

Do covalent network substances dissolve

Answer 82

They do not dissolve

Question 83

Are ionic compounds soluble in water

Answer 83

They are soluble in water as they dissolve, the lattice structure break up allowing water molecules to surround the separated ions

Question 84

Are ionic compounds soluble in covalent solvents

Answer 84

They tend to be insoluble in covalent solvents like ethanol