Acids And Bases

Question 1

Why is universal indicator useful

Answer 1

It can tell you how strong or weak an acid or alkali is

Question 2

What is the ph scale

Answer 2

A continuous range from below 0 to above 14

Question 3

What ph do acids have

Answer 3

Acids have a ph of less than 7

Question 4

What ph do alkaline have

Answer 4

A ph of above 7

Question 5

What ph do pure water and neutral solutions have

Answer 5

7

Question 6

What are examples of acids at home

Answer 6

Vinegar, lemonade, coke

Question 7

What are examples of alkalis at home

Answer 7

Baking soda, dish washing powder, bleach

Question 8

What is the formula of hydrochloric acid

Answer 8

HCL

Question 9

What is the formula of sulphuric acid

Answer 9

H2SO4

Question 10

What is the formula for nitrate acid

Answer 10

HNO3

Question 11

What kinds of ions do acids contain

Answer 11

They contain a higher no. Of H+ ions than OH- ions

Question 12

What kinds of ions do alkalis have

Answer 12

More OH- ions than H+ ions

Question 13

What do acids produce when dissolved in water

Answer 13

H+(aq)

Question 14

What do alkaline produce when dissolved in water

Answer 14

OH-(aq)

Question 15

What is the concentration of ions in neutral solutions

Answer 15

There is an equal amount of H+ and OH- ions

Question 16

What is a reversible reaction

Answer 16

A reaction which can proceed in both directions

Question 17

What is an equilibrium

Answer 17

When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal so the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant

Question 18

What happens in the equilibrium in water

Answer 18

Water molecules are constantly breaking up to form ions which are constantly combing to form water molecules. This equilibrium exists in pure water and other aqueous
H2P _-H+ and OH-

Question 19

What is a concentrated solution

Answer 19

A concentrated acid/alkali contains a lot of acid/alkali in a small volume of water

Question 20

What is a dilute solution

Answer 20

They have a small amount of acid/alkali in a large volume of water

Question 21

What happens when u add water to a acid/alkali

Answer 21

Adding water to an acid increases the ph as the no. of H+ ions decrease
Acding water to an alkali decreases the oh as the no. of OH- ions decrease

Question 22

What kinds of oxides make an acidic solution

Answer 22

Non-metals oxides dissolve in water to make acidic solutions

Question 23

What is made when non metal burn in oxygen

Answer 23

They produce non metals oxides

Question 24

What is made when metals burn in the presence of oxygen

Answer 24

Metal oxides

Question 25

What are all metal oxides

Answer 25

Bases

Question 26

What happens if a metal oxide is soluble in water

Answer 26

It makes an alkaline solution

Question 27

What happens when an oxide or hydroxide isn’t soluble in water

Answer 27

It does not affect ph

Question 28

What is Ammonia common name for

Answer 28

Nitrogen hydride

Question 29

What is ammonia

Answer 29

A gas that neutralises acids so is a base.

Question 30

What type of bonding does ammonia have

Answer 30

Covalent molecularso dissolves in water to produce and alkaline solution

Question 31

What are bases

Answer 31

Compounds which react with H+ ions to produce water

Question 32

What are the bases

Answer 32

Metal oxides Metal hydroxides Metal carbonates Ammonia

Question 33

What is an neutralisation reaction

Answer 33

The reaction of acids with bases and the ph moves towards 7

Question 34

What are the 4 main neutralisation reactions

Answer 34

Acid + metal hydroxide = salt + water Acid + metal oxide = salt + water Acid + metal carbonate = salt + water + carbon dioxide Acid + metal = salt + hydrogen

Question 35

What are salts

Answer 35

Ionic compounds that are formed during neutralisation reactions

Question 36

What happens during a neutralisation reaction

Answer 36

The hydrogen ions of the acid are replaced by the metal ions or the ammonia ions

Question 37

What ions do salts contain

Answer 37

A positive metal ion from the base and negative ion form the acid

Question 38

How do u name a salt

Answer 38

1st name comes from first part of base 2nd name comes from the type of acid

Question 39

What is a spectator ion

Answer 39

An ions which appears on both sides of the equation . It is present in the reaction mixture but takes no part in the reaction.

Question 40

How do u prepare a salt using a soluble base

Answer 40

Add alkaline solution to acid a little bit at a time and stop when the ph is 7. Then you evaporate some of the water and when it’s cooled salts are formed

Question 41

How do you prepare a salt using an insoluble base or metal

Answer 41

Add the base into dilute acid until no more reacts, them filter of the unreacted solid Then evaporate some of the water and when it’s cooling salts form

Question 42

What is a standard solution

Answer 42

One whose concentration is known accurately

Question 43

How do you prepare a standard solution

Answer 43

1. Accurately measure the substance in a small beaker 2. Add small volume of deionised water and stir to dissolve Transfer to standard task along its the washings from the beaker Make up to mark using distilled water Insert several times to mix thoroughly

Question 44

What is volumetric titration

Answer 44

An experiment in which the volumes of reacting liquids are accurately measured

Question 45

What happens in acid/alkali titration

Answer 45

An acid is measured using a burrito and the alkali is measured using a pipettes

Question 46

How do you carry out volumetric titration

Answer 46

Pipettes 25 ml of alkali into a conical flask Add indicator and swirl Fill the burette with acid, zero and remove funnel Add until 1ml form end point and then add drop wise until reaction is green for neutral. Make sure you have two results that are concordant

Question 47

What can titration be used for

Answer 47

To produce a soluble salt

Question 48

What is precipitation

Answer 48

The reaction of 2 solutions to forms an insoluble salt called precipitate

Question 49

How do u prepare a soluble salt from titration

Answer 49

Once the volumes of the acid and alkali are noted repeat the experiment without the indicator to produce an uncomtaminted salt solution which can then be evaporated to dryness.