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Anatomy and Physiology I > Unit 1 Chapter 4 (Tissues) > Flashcards

Unit 1 Chapter 4 (Tissues) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 basic types of body tissue

A

epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous

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2
Q

What is the function of epithelial tissue

A

Covers body surfaces, lines cavities and forms
glands

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3
Q

What is the function of connective tissue

A

Binds organs together, stores energy, and
participates in body defenses

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4
Q

What is the function of muscular tissue

A

Produces the physical force for body movements

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5
Q

What is the function of nervous tissue

A

Detects and responds to changes in internal and
external body conditions

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6
Q

What are the 3 cell junctions

A

tight, desmosome, gap

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7
Q

What is the function of tight junctions

A

Form fluid-tight seals between cells

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8
Q

What is the function of desmosomes

A

Anchor cells to one another or to the basement
membrane

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9
Q

What is the function of gap junctions

A

Permit electrical and chemical signals to pass
between cells

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10
Q

What is the structure of epithelial tissue

A

apical surface, basal surface, basement membrane

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11
Q

What is the apical surface of epithelial tissue

A

Free surface facing body cavity, lumen, or surface

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12
Q

What is the basal surface of epithelial tissue

A

Deep surface that adheres to an extracellular
material

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13
Q

What is the basement membrane of epithelial tissue

A

Extracellular material that attaches the epithelial tissue to
underlying connective tissue

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14
Q

What are the 2 basic types of epithelial tissue

A

Covering/Lining, Glandular

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of glands in glandular epithelial tissue and what are their functions

A

Endocrine: Secrete hormones, Enter interstitial fluid and then blood
Exocrine: Secretory products, Enter duct that empties onto skin surface or into the lumen of an organ

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16
Q

True or False: Epithelial Tissue is avascular

A

true

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17
Q

Describe simple squamous epithelium, name its function(s), and where you can find it

A

single layer of flat cells; scale-like
filtration and diffusion
lining of the heart, lining of the ventral body cavity, blood and lymphatic vessels

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18
Q

Describe simple cuboidal epithelium, name its function(s), and where you can find it

A

single layer of cube-like cells
secretion and absorption
kidney tubules, ovary surface

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19
Q

Describe simple columnar epithelium, name its function(s), and where you can find it

A

Single layer of tall, column-shaped cells that can
be non-ciliated with microvilli or ciliated
absorption, secretion of mucus, enzymes, and other substances
digestive tract, uterus, excretory ducts

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20
Q

Describe pseudostratified columnar epithelium, name its function(s), and where you can find it

A

single layer of column-shaped cells attached to the basement membrane, appear stratified because nuclei are at different levels, can be ciliated or non-ciliated
secrets substances, propulsion of mucus by ciliary action
sperm carrying ducts, trachea (only if ciliated)

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21
Q

Describe stratified squamous epithelium, name its function(s), and where you can find it

A

several layers where basal cells are cuboidal, metabolically active and surface cells are squamous, full of dead keratin
protect underlying tissue from abrasion
lining of mouth, esophagus, and vagina, also found in epidermis

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22
Q

Describe transitional epithelium, name its function(s), and where you can find it

A

Variable appearance with flat apical cells in response to stretch, returning to rounder appearance when pressure subsides
stretches, helps permit distention of urinary organ
urinary system, lines of ureters, bladder

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23
Q

What is mesothelium

A

Epithelium that lines the major body cavities like the peritoneum, pleura, and pericardium. Also secretes serous fluid (lubricant)

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24
Q

What is endothelium

A

Epithelium that lines fully internal pathways like the vascular system and cornea

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25
Q

What is the overall function of glands

A

Produce and release different hormones that target specific things in the body

26
Q

What are the major functions of connective tissue

A

Structure, transportation, protection, support, energy storage, defense

27
Q

Give a description of the extracellular matrix

A

The extracellular matrix consists of ground substance and 3 types of fibers embedded into it (collagen, reticular, elastic)

28
Q

What is the composition and function of ground substance

A

Composed of water, proteins and polysaccharides. Supports
embedded cells while allowing for material exchanges

29
Q

What is the function of collagen

A

provides structural support to the extracellular space of connective tissues

30
Q

What is the function of reticular

A

stretch and recoil back to shape

31
Q

What is the function of reticular

A

supporting framework for soft organs

32
Q

What is the difference between “-cyte” and “-blast” cells in relation to connective tissue

A

“-blast” cells are immature/less differentiated, more active in connective tissue. They produce the ground substances and undergo cell division
“-cyte” cells are mature/differentiated, less active in connective tissue. They maintain the matrix and help mend broken bones/tissues

33
Q

Define tendon and state what connective tissue it is composed of

A

Strong, fibrous tissue attaching a muscle to a bone. Composed of collagen and dense elastin

34
Q

Define ligament and state what connective tissue it is composed of

A

Tissue which connects two bones/cartilages or holds together a joint. Composed of stretchy elastin and collagen

35
Q

What are membranes

A

Flat sheets of flexible tissue that cover or line a body structure

36
Q

Where are some areas where the mucous membrane can be located and what is its function

A

Inner lining of small intestine. Line body cavities that open to the outside

37
Q

Where are some areas the serous membrane can be located and what is its function

A

Parietal Pleurae. Line body cavities that do not directly open to the outside

38
Q

What is the main cell type of connective tissue proper

A

fibroblast

39
Q

What are the 2 categories connective tissue proper is divided up into

A

loose and dense

40
Q

What are the 3 types of loose connective tissue proper

A

areolar connective tissue, adipose tissue, reticular connective tissue

41
Q

What are the 2 types of dense connective tissue proper

A

regular and irregular

42
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, fibrocartilage

43
Q

What is the main cell type of cartilage

A

chondrocyte

44
Q

What is the main cell type of osseous tissue

A

osteocyte

45
Q

What is osseous tissue and what are its functions

A

Bone tissue
Support, protection, storage, and provides leverage for movement of body by muscles

46
Q

What is areolar connective tissue, what are its functions, and where can it be found

A

Fibroblasts and many other types of cells with loosely intertwined collagen, elastic and reticular fibers in semi-fluid ground substance
Most widely distributed for strength, elasticity, and support
Under the epithelia, surrounding capillaries

47
Q

What is adipose tissue, what are its functions, and where can it be found

A

Large triglyceride (fat) droplet with cytoplasm and nucleus pushed to periphery of cell
Energy reserve, insulation, and supports/protects organs
Around kidneys, in breasts

48
Q

What is reticular connective tissue, what are its function(s), and where can it be found

A

Cells spaced between fine, interlacing reticular fibers in a loose ground substance
Forms supporting framework of organs and forms net to capture microbes and worn-out blood cells
lymph nodes, bone marrow

49
Q

What is dense regular connective tissue, what are its function(s), and where can it be found

A

Regularly arranged parallel bundles of collagen fiber with few fibroblasts
Strong attachment between structures
tendons and ligaments

50
Q

What is dense irregular connective tissue, what are its function(s), and where can it be found

A

Irregularly arranged bundles of collagen fiber with few fibroblasts
Tensile (pulling) strength in many directions
Dermis of skin, fibrous capsules of organs/joints

51
Q

What is hyaline cartilage, what are its function(s), and where can it be found

A

Chondrocytes found in lacunae (spaces) within resilient gel ground substance; fine collagen are not fibers not visible
Reduces friction, absorbs shock at joins, provides flexibility and support
Ends of longer bones, majority of embryonic skeleton

52
Q

What is elastic cartilage, what are its functions, and where can it be found

A

Chondrocytes found in lacunae (spaces) within resilient gel ground substance with network of elastic fibers
Provide strength and elasticity, help maintain shape of structures
External (auricle) of the ear

53
Q

What is fibrocartilage, what are its functions, and where can it be found

A

Chondrocytes found in lacunae (spaces) within resilient gel ground substance and thick bundles of collagen fibers
Strong and resilient, support and joining of structures together
discs of knee joint, intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis

54
Q

What is the function of skeletal muscle tissue

A

Enables humans to move and perform daily activities. They play an essential role in respiratory mechanics and help maintain posture and balance. They also protect the vital organs in the body.

55
Q

What is the function of goblet cells

A

Secrete mucin and create a protective mucus layer

56
Q

What is the function of fibroblasts

A

Contributes to the formation of connective tissue and secrete collagen proteins that help maintain the structural framework of tissues.

57
Q

What is the function of adipocytes

A

Energy storage, cushioning and insulation

58
Q

What is the function of collagen fibers

A

Provide structure, strength and support throughout your body.

59
Q

What is the function of elastic fibers

A

Provide elasticity and resilience to the tissues.

60
Q

What is the function of reticular fibers

A

A supporting mesh in soft tissues such as liver, bone marrow, and the tissues and organs of the lymphatic system.

Anatomy and Physiology I (12 decks)

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